Application of Pricing Strategies in Marketing Activities Assignment

Utilization of Pricing Strategies in Marketing Activities - Assignment Example In the subsequent circumstance, another organization is producing a dishwater cleanser comparative with different competitor’s detergent.â Mainly, for such an organization, their goal is make deals in a profoundly serious condition. Because of the expanded expense of assembling the cleanser, the organization likewise plans to create enough cash to recoup this expense as quick as could reasonably be expected. With such a case situation, advertisers may choose to utilize full cost valuing. With this methodology, the organization expects to recoup all expense of creation, both significant and fixed expense. Advertisers just decide cost of products and ventures after count of all the expense, consequently may wouldn't fret such a great amount on the created benefits. Another system important for this case would be infiltration evaluating strategy.â With methodology the organization diminishes costs for their items with the aim to enter a serious market, where organizations mig ht be selling comparable items for similar markets.  â â â â â â â â â â â â In the third case situation, deciding the amount to sell for another item in zone where contenders are probably going to sell a similar item requires legitimate choices by advertisers. For this situation, as new business in a serious domain, the organization should right off the bat be in a situation to get significant market share.â In request to have this organization make deals for the new iPhones, advertisers may choose to utilize special valuing. In this system, organizations set costs lower than the ordinary value list briefly so as to draw in new clients.

Writing a College Essay - What is it?

Writing a College Essay - What is it?Writing a college essay is one of the most important parts of the high school year. It sets the tone for future academic and career goals. Students often get bogged down in details or start entering into thinking of the essay as an extended book report.The key to success is to write the essay from the right perspective. This means being able to think out of the box and imagine a way of presenting the facts. It also means that you should not be afraid to use facts that you can find in the library or on the internet. You are more likely to create a great essay when you take on board facts from other sources.It can be hard to know what to include in your essay. It is important to begin with the most important facts. This is the central idea of the essay. You can then move on to the peripheral facts or sub-topics. This way you avoid repeating yourself and you can also have more control over your essay.Once you have reached the main idea, the next step is to think of the best way to present it. One method is to write it in outline form and give it to a trusted friend or peer. This way you can tweak it and make changes as you go along.The format of the essay should reflect the topic. It should be structured and have all the right aspects such as flow, style, structure and organisation. Good English writing skills are essential if you want to write an essay effectively.It is important to maintain a positive attitude throughout the writing process and you should be able to maintain a good grade on your essay. In most cases students find it easier to remember a well written essay rather than one that is poorly structured. Try to relax and be as positive as possible.Many college students find it difficult to write an essay at all. It is not uncommon for them to be overwhelmed by the task and lose focus. It is a good idea to set aside a time to prepare and do a bit of brainstorming. This will help to avoid problems and make the writing process easier.When writing a college essay, the student needs to first decide the topic and then set about to write an interesting essay. For the ideal student, essay writing should be a fun experience. The joy of writing an essay lies in being able to share information and ideas with others and helping to shape the future.

Melis and the AXO Chocolate Factory

Melis and the AXO Chocolate Factory When five bloggers (Anthony, Bryan, Matt, Mitra, and I) all attend the same event, you know its the place to be and be seen =) Last night, my sorority, Alpha Chi Omega (AXO), had a chocolate fondue party, where we had the opportunity to open our house to the MIT community. The event was particularly special for me because I was one of the four organizers, so we have been organizing everything for the past month. Luckily, it went off without a hitch, with about fifty staff members and 400 students in attendance! Background: There are five sororities at MIT, four of which have houses. We help our party at the AXO Mansion, which is a row house on Commonwealth Avenue (two minutes from Fenway Park.) The house used to be a doctors office and home, until MIT scooped it up a few years ago. While there are 120 girls in AXO, there is only room for 25 to live in the house. The rest of us are scattered around campus. Publicity: As this is the first big event that I planned, I got to learn the intricacies of the process. I chose to design the t-shirt and posters, and I must say I learned a lot! On Friday, all my sisters wore the shirt I designed and it was really rewarding =) Food: We bought out the worlds supply of chocolate not really but it sure felt like it. We went through three **25-lb** boxes of chocolate chips, which all went to filling the chocolate fountains and coating the array of carbohydrates. The chocolate covered strawberries and kiwis were probably my favorite. Ask Matt all about these, as he got to enjoy a strawberry the size of his fist. Music: An MIT jazz trio provided some amazing music for the party (picture below, of the band and Amy 09). They played beautifully for three hours straight! It was amazing. People: From 8-9 pm, we invited President Hockfield and her family, our professors, teaching assistants (TAs), and Graduate Resident Tutors (GRTs) for an hour of socialization with the sisters. I got to talk to many people, including the Assistant Dean of Housing about the new graduate dorm and the plans to turn a current grad dorm (Ashdown House) into an undergrad dorm in 2009 (right after I leave, not fair!) At 9, we opened up our doors to everyone. I saw a bunch of friends, old and new, so thanks to everyone who came! Matt, Shaye 08, and me: Time to study for my tests on Monday and Tuesday!!! Off to the library. I will leave you with this: Post Tagged #FSILGs

Melis and the AXO Chocolate Factory

Melis and the AXO Chocolate Factory When five bloggers (Anthony, Bryan, Matt, Mitra, and I) all attend the same event, you know its the place to be and be seen =) Last night, my sorority, Alpha Chi Omega (AXO), had a chocolate fondue party, where we had the opportunity to open our house to the MIT community. The event was particularly special for me because I was one of the four organizers, so we have been organizing everything for the past month. Luckily, it went off without a hitch, with about fifty staff members and 400 students in attendance! Background: There are five sororities at MIT, four of which have houses. We help our party at the AXO Mansion, which is a row house on Commonwealth Avenue (two minutes from Fenway Park.) The house used to be a doctors office and home, until MIT scooped it up a few years ago. While there are 120 girls in AXO, there is only room for 25 to live in the house. The rest of us are scattered around campus. Publicity: As this is the first big event that I planned, I got to learn the intricacies of the process. I chose to design the t-shirt and posters, and I must say I learned a lot! On Friday, all my sisters wore the shirt I designed and it was really rewarding =) Food: We bought out the worlds supply of chocolate not really but it sure felt like it. We went through three **25-lb** boxes of chocolate chips, which all went to filling the chocolate fountains and coating the array of carbohydrates. The chocolate covered strawberries and kiwis were probably my favorite. Ask Matt all about these, as he got to enjoy a strawberry the size of his fist. Music: An MIT jazz trio provided some amazing music for the party (picture below, of the band and Amy 09). They played beautifully for three hours straight! It was amazing. People: From 8-9 pm, we invited President Hockfield and her family, our professors, teaching assistants (TAs), and Graduate Resident Tutors (GRTs) for an hour of socialization with the sisters. I got to talk to many people, including the Assistant Dean of Housing about the new graduate dorm and the plans to turn a current grad dorm (Ashdown House) into an undergrad dorm in 2009 (right after I leave, not fair!) At 9, we opened up our doors to everyone. I saw a bunch of friends, old and new, so thanks to everyone who came! Matt, Shaye 08, and me: Time to study for my tests on Monday and Tuesday!!! Off to the library. I will leave you with this: Post Tagged #FSILGs

Anne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay - 1088 Words

Anne Moody, a black activist in the twentieth century, wrote an autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, which illustrated how life was like growing up poor and black in the rural south. She wrote in details of her life living in the racist society and what it meant to be black in the South twentieth century. Readers were able to understand her personal thoughts as well as her memories of the fight growing up in the south and her involvement in the Civil Rights Movement. Moody grew up with a poor family and faced many challenges throughout her life. Anne Moody’s life is representative of the black experience in the American twentieth century by experiencing racism, and unfair prejudice; but also being persistent in her life and with the struggle to defeat white oppression. In her autobiography, Anne Moody emphasized racism and how it affected her life growing up in the twentieth century. All throughout Anne’s childhood, white people asserted that they were superior to whites. Anne’s mother, Toosweet Davis, worked as a maid for a white family. One of Anne’s first encountering’s with racism is when her mother brought home leftovers from the white families home. Anne stated that the food her mother had brought home was the best food she had ever eaten, and that was when she had discovered that the white people seemed to be different that her. Also, being that Anne was a quick-witted child, she was able to identify racial situations around her growing up. For example, as aShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Coming Of Age1189 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moody is the author of Coming of Age in Mississippi which was originally published in 1968. Anne Moody is a famous African American Mississippi author who was born in Wilkinson County, Mississippi on September 15, 1940. She was the eldest of nine children born to Fred and Elnire Moody. While growing up in Mississippi, Moody attended a segregated school where she was an outstanding scho lar. Moody cleaned houses in order to keep food on the table and clothes on her family members’ backs. In 1961Read MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age897 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story, Anne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne known as Essie Mae found out the meaning of racism at a young age and also see or heard what whites do to black people if they did not like what they was doing. She did not know that whites and blacks had their own place to sit and eat or why whites went to one school and blacks went to another. She just assumes that whites went to the school that was close to their neighborhood, but Essie Mae experience her first meaning of segregationRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesHIST278 Essay One - Joseph Malthus, 42863655 Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi is a story of a black girl growing up in the American Deep South during the development of the Civil Rights Movement. Moody notices the racism that envelops her life and attempts to understand why it exists, despite the absence of reasonable grounding. Suffocating under the restrictions and fear caused by systematic racism, she ultimately decides to become an activist, and takes an active role in demanding equalityRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dial, 1968. Print.† Anne Moody was a determined, educated, and an inspiring civil rights activist who was born in Gloster, Mississippi. Born on September 15th, 1940-passed away February 5th, 2015 Anne Moody dedicated her life to making the United States a better place for not only African American’s, but pleaded for equality amongst all races as well. Awarded best book of the year in 1969 by the National Library Association, Anne Moody writesRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age During Mississippi And Non Violent Vs. Violent Protest For Civil Rights1640 Words   |  7 PagesSamuel Conner Professor M. Du Bois HIST1025-002 October 30, 2015 Dreamers Instead of Leaders: Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi and Non-Violent vs. Violent Protest for Civil Rights The American Civil Rights Movement in the late 1950s and 1960s generated massive international following and controversy, which made the movement one of the most important in U.S. history. The movement’s legacy can still be felt today, with the positive aspects, such as voting rights to African Americans and wideRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1362 Words   |  6 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Fredric Stanley HIST 3881 Professor James Conway 7 November 2015 â€Æ' Though we Americans, in all of our efforts, feel as if the day of racism is coming to an end, I feel it is merely evolving into a much more subtle approach. Seeing life through the words of Anne Moody in her book entitled, Coming of Age in Mississippi, shows that racism, even back then, is treated with remedies versus a cure. After the many anti-discrimination legislations passed as well asRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody Essay examples1005 Words   |  5 PagesComing of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The autobiography Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody is the story of her life as a poor black girl growing into adulthood. Moody chose to start at the beginning - when she was four-years-old, the child of poor sharecroppers working for a white farmer. She overcomes obstacles such as discrimination and hunger as she struggles to survive childhood in one of the most racially discriminated states in America. In telling the story of her lifeRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi By Anne Moody1388 Words   |  6 PagesIn the autobiography â€Å"Coming of age in Mississippi† by Anne Moody known as Essie Mae in the book she writes in great detail the struggles her and other people of her color had to go through in order to gain their rights. From such a young age she saw the differences in the way people of color were treated in comparison to whites, things that no one should go through much less a kid. From the beginning you see that Essie Mae i s such a brilliant kid and all the trials she goes through and the knowledgeRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay example639 Words   |  3 Pages The first main event that I believe led to Anne Moody becoming an activist for Civil Rights was when she was younger, her cousin George Lee was babysitting and he burned down the house in a fit of rage and when Daddy gets home he blames it on Essie Mae (Anne Moody). This foreshadows all of life’s injustices that will be thrown her way. The next time was when she made friends with white neighbors and they decided to go to the movies, Anne couldn’t sit with her friends, she had to sit in the balconyRead More Anne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesAnne Moodys Coming of Age in Mississippi Coming of Age in Mississippi is the amazing story of Anne Moodys unbreakable spirit and character throughout the first twenty-three years of her life. Time and time again she speaks of unthinkable odds and conditions and how she manages to keep excelling in her aspirations, yet she ends the book with a tone of hesitation, fear, and skepticism. While she continually fought the tide of society and her elders, suddenly in the end she is speaking as

Industrial Revolution DBQ - 919 Words

The industrial revolution was a time when countries such as Britain and France began to modernize and develop more goods for the general public. This innovation of manufacture led to a large demand of goods by the general public. This demand could only be accomplished by enforcing a large workforce to do the labor of creating the manufactured products. Although this large workforce resulted in modernization of the country as well as an economic boost, the industrial revolution also caused horrid working conditions and the mistreatment of women even though they dominated the workforce. Documents 3, 4, and 5 show how workers in the industrial revolution were placed in working conditions that were unbearable. A Meiji†¦show more content†¦This document shows the idea of disrespect of women independence and the stunting of it. Although this document does not show physical mistreatment, it provides mistreatment in the form of ideas and thoughts. A document that can be added to co mplete this group can be statistical evidence showing that women are prone to being pregnant if they work in a factory due to mistreatment buy men. This would merge with the other documents because it shows proof that women were actually mistreated in the industrial revolution as workers. Although women were mistreated, they were the dominant workforce in the industrial revolution. Documents 1, 2, 6, and 10 provide evidence for this notion. Document 1 show statistics from the Oxford press how the numbers of female workers are largely greater than that of the male workers in English textile factories. Document 2 shows similar results of how women were the larger workforce in silk factories located within Japan. Document 6 states that women employment in Japan is temporary meaning that the females can be replaced at any time with new girl workers still containing female majority in work. In the West females stay in work after marriage but due to the harsh long work they cannot maintai n it and are then replaced. Document 10 was written by Harriet Robinson in 1834. It shows dominance of women by their ability to establish a revolt against their oppression. It also showed that womenShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution DBQ Essay747 Words   |  3 Pages The Industrial Revolution began in England during the 18th Century. This revolution started out in England, and spread throughout Europe and North America. Many technologic and agricultural advances were made during this time. Factories became the main source of production, rather than in home workers. This resulted in many people living in rural areas to move into industrialized cities, which was called rural to urban migration. The Industrial Revolution started in England due to its supply ofRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution Essay1043 Words   |  5 PagesDBQ- Positive and Negative Effects of Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 1700’s. The Industrial Revolution was a time of new inventions, products, and methods of work. The results of the Industrial Revolution led to many short and long-term positive and negative effects. These results have been assessed from many viewpoints such as the factory workers, the factory owners, the government, and other people who observed the conditions in industrial citiesRead MoreManchester DBQ1490 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth of Manchester during the Industrial Revolution. According to the Encarta World English Dictionary, Industrial Revolution was the period when U.K. went through social and economic changes that involved widespread adoption of industrial methods of production. The specialization of tasks, the concentration of capital, and the centralization of work forces were important aspects of these changes. The major factor in the growth of Manchester was the Industrial Revolution. As a result, many issue s wereRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pagescauses and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. †¢ Suburbanization †¢ The growth of the Sun Belt †¢ Immigration to the United States 2009 [pic]AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained fredom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded. Explain why BOTH of these changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved AfricanRead MoreEssay on Imperialism771 Words   |  4 Pages Imperialism DBQ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout American History the U.S. has sought to expand its boundaries. This need increased greatly during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century with the start of the industrial revolution. This Expansion was a big departure from earlier attempts to expand the boundaries of the U.S. The needed for Natural resources forced the U.S to look for places that could supply them with the natural resources they needed and markets where theyRead MoreImperialism DBQ Essay examples636 Words   |  3 PagesA.P. U.S. II DBQ What role did Imperialism play in shaping U.S. foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Prior to the late 19th century, the United States was preoccupied with domestic affairs and simply used the Monroe Doctrine as their lone foreign policy. By the late 19th century, however, domestic concerns suppressed just enough to let foreign issues take the spotlight. The Industrial Revolution brought mass production, which forced the United States to seek a new global marketRead MoreGermany Before 1848 Essay1027 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1848 Germany DBQ The political, economical, and social order of the Germanic states in the nineteenth century was in a state of chaos and disarray. Politically, the states had the desire of becoming unified and had the possibility to do so if it had not been for fear and neglect to follow through. Economically, the states were in a time of hardships with poor growth development in the fields and were also going through the time of the Industrial Revolution with changes to their everydayRead MoreEssay about Dbq 17: a National Clash of Cultures in the 1920’s968 Words   |  4 PagesDBQ 17: A National Clash of Cultures in the 1920’s With the arrival of the 1920’s, new battles fought between traditionalist rural society and modernist urban civilization arose in the postwar United States. These urban-rural culture wars of this time period represent the everlasting conflict between conservatives and liberals. The 1920 census demonstrated to traditionalists that their views were under attack by the modernists who gradually came to outnumber them. Traditionalists were disturbedRead MoreWorld War I Essay862 Words   |  4 Pages DBQ Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;World War I was the result of leaders aggression towards other countries which was supported by the rising nationalism of the European nations. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war prompted military alliances and an arms race, which further escalated the tension contributing to the outbreak of war. One cause of the World War was militarism, which is a policy in which military preparedness is of primary significance to a situation. Another causeRead MoreEssay on Roosevelt and Hoover DBQ1428 Words   |  6 PagesRoosevelt and Hoover DBQ The Great Depression quickly altered Americas view of liberalism and therefore, Roosevelt can be considered a liberal and Hoover a conservative, despite the fact that they did occasionally support very similar policies. The United States experienced political shifts during the Great Depression, which are described by Arthur Schlesinger’s analysis of eras in which public objectives were placed before personal concerns. It seems that the public view of what constitutes

The Cold War - 1721 Words

Colonial history also contributed to the stances of labor and the state. The colonial regime adopted a very hostile position towards the labor movement because labor was associated with the independence movement. Knowing that much of the leadership in independent Korea, including Park Chung Hee, was trained under the Japanese attitudes towards labor can be expected to have carried over. The specter of the Cold War is important to understanding the Korean labor movement. South Korea faced a very real threat from North Korea and anything associated with communism was suspect at the very least. Because the labor movement had traditionally been backed by leftist groups, including communists, it was viewed as threat by the South Korean†¦show more content†¦Basic economic principles dictated that circumstances favored capital, but could not predict the actual working conditions in factories or the unrest that would come from them. Once the pool of labor inputs had been effect ively exhausted and political conditions changed, wages did rise and conditions improved. Women took a leadership role in unionization because of the roles they held at the bottom tier of industrial work. Though societal gender biases created these conditions in large part, the unionization efforts of women were not necessarily feminist in nature (Koo, 96). They were instead driven by class concerns which were particularly relevant to women. Women were paid significantly less than men and had little opportunity to advance into supervisory positions. This meant they had the least to lose from organizing and the most to gain (Koo, 93). Male workers on the other hand, even if exploited, risked foregoing promotions and wages, as well as social stigma if they participated in agitation. The role of the church in interacting with labor, particularly females, is significant. The church emerged in its role because it was one institution that was relatively immune to anti-communist char ges and repression (Koo, 78). Churches were a safe haven for airing grievances. Because of gender norms, churches were one of the few institutions

Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy. Answer: Introduction: The job roles and description has been given below in details, but does not limit to the following only. It is essential that the candidate is able to set short term and long term goals for individual and the stores under his supervision ("District Manager | Starbucks Coffee Company", 2017) Setting up plans that are realistic and achievable within a specified amount of time Creating district implementation plans in order to achieve the business results as well as excellence in the services (Jianfei, 2014) Manage the stores with honesty and integrity ("Starbucks.com, 2017) Communicate clearly and delegate the key responsibilities to the individual store managers and management teams Review the customer feedback of each store and assist the managers to achieve excellence and organizational goals ("District Manager | Starbucks Coffee Company", 2017) Ability to take up challenges The various responsibilities of the district manager of Starbucks are listed below. However, the responsibilities are not limited the ones that are listed. Lead a diverse team of various stores in a region, providing guidance to achieve the organizational goals, along with ensuring quality management ("District Manager | Starbucks Coffee Company", 2017) Responsible for managing the performances of the local stores under his supervision, along with knowing the markets, communities as well as the customers (Block, 2016) Creating district implementation plan and support the execution of the organizational goals Monitoring and managing the staffs of the various stores ("Starbucks.com ", 2017) Access external resources and manage the external stake holders Ensure adherence to the wages and labour policies (Block, 2016) Ensure implementation of the customer feedback and ensure customer satisfaction Ensure proper resource management Develop positive relation with the internal and external stakeholders Demonstrate effective management principles and create scope for innovation and development Supervise the overall working of the Starbucks stores within a particular province Masters degree in business with close working experience in the related field for minimum 5 years Experienced as a district manager or similar level for 3 years (com, 2017) Responsible as a store manager in any retail brand for 5 years Experienced in critical analysis of financial reports Experienced in working in a multi-unit environment Along with the required qualifications and experiences, it is important that the physical and mental conditions of the candidate be also analysed. The physical fitness include being free from any chronic disease or physical disability, that is required for the position of a district manager Along with being physically fit, mental stability and metal fitness is also required Display of sudden anger or negative emotions need to be avoided, along with the capability of taking up various challenges Lack of physical fitness or mental stability is not suitable for the job role References Block, P. (2016). The empowered manager: Positive political skills at work. John Wiley Sons Jianfei, X. (2014). Analysis of Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(6). Starbucks.com (2017) Retail Careers. Starbucks Coffee Company Starbucks.com (2017). District Manager | Starbucks Coffee Company. Starbucks Coffee Company.

How To Write A Research Paper Topics, Outline

Do not get stuck in an endless sea of sources, follow our guide to get the best grades possible for your paper. Contents What is a research paper How to start a research paper How to outline your work Creating a bibliography Tips for the initial draft Editing your draft What is a Research Paper When writing a research paper, it is important to remember that it is different to an essay in that it includes information and ideas from other sources. Building on this information with your own conclusions is vital and being able to document the origin of information to avoid plagiarism[1]. Generally regardless of the type of research paper that is being written, it should represent a particular viewpoint or argument. How to Start a Research Paper (Infographic) Choose a topic If your topic is not already given to you, then pick something that has meaning or interests you. The attitude you have towards the particular issue will be reflected in your research and overall writing. Make sure you pick an aspect to the topic as if it is generalized this can involve too much work and hard to focus on the thesis statement. Some research paper topics could include: The effects of global warming in the animal kingdom Effective ways to reduce air pollution The Effects of decriminalizing drugs Making prostitution legal having economic benefits The consequences of Brexit to the EU What threats do refugees have on a hosting country How do various religions oppress women The most popular new age religions Sexual abuse in the church Diabetes How to prevent Cancer effectively The importance of mental health State your thesis Try to write your thesis in just one or two sentences and think clearly what is needed to be proved. The thesis statement is the whole belief you are trying to prove or disprove in the work. An example of a thesis statement could look like: â€Å"Marijuana has a number of medical applications, and this includes the treatment of symptoms for epilepsy, cancer, and Parkinson's disease. Legalizing the use of marijuana will greatly benefit the medical sector by giving doctors access to this lifesaving drug.† Research as much as possible A good way to start your research is by going to the library and also looking at already reviewed research including scientific journals and articles written by experts. This kind of information is more reliable as it has been critiqued in the public domain already. The internet is by far the biggest possible source for any research paper and surfing the net for your chosen topic will give good results. Online surfing tips: Thoughtful use of search engines is vital, therefore don’t only take the top three search results and trust these. Look through many different sites and get a feel to what information is correct and useful. The website extension also can give clues to the reliability of the text, for example, â€Å"† and â€Å".biz† are typically commercial websites trying to sell things so will be harder to find the required articles. Although lots of â€Å"† sites are valuable sources of information and still can be used, it can help with narrowing the overall search process to bear in mind what sites contain beforehand. A good idea would be to browse online academic databases for more trustworthy source material. Some may require paid membership, but most universities have free access. These are much more beneficial as you can make your search more precise which will save you valuable time. Some good examples of websites to use are PsycINFO, Sirs and Proquest. Searching for particular databases related to the topic is also possible which can give you the most current search results. For example using the APA website to search for a database related to psychology. Create a rough bibliography Note down all the sources that are used at first on a separate piece of paper or in a file. This will be the basis for your works cited page. Write down the author, quote, page number and title of the publication used. An example of a rough sources page could look like this: Author Quote Title of Pub. Page number Sigmund Freud â€Å"How bold one gets when one is sure of being loved† Letters of Sigmund Freud 1873-1939 (1961) 10-12 Later on it is possible to build upon this, but for now just the essential details are needed to follow the outline of the research paper. How to Outline Your Work When creating an outline for a research paper, there are some key elements that need to be considered. This will make sure the work has the correct structure and the writing will become easier and also researching the topic. The best articles will have a well thought out outline to reference and build upon later on. Here is a research paper outline template to use: I Introduction - A Brief history and background B Thesis Statement II Body - A. First point to argue (weakest) 1. Supporting findings 2. Any opposition B. Second point to argue 1. More Evidence 2. Opposing statement C Third point to argue (strongest) 1. Back up point 2. Contradictions III Conclusion - A Summarize the findings of each argument 1. First point 2. Second argument 3. Strongest Evidence B Restate the thesis C Concluding paragraph Introduction When writing a research paper introduction, you should include a thesis statement which is the the belief or argument that is being explored in the article. Try to make it around one or two sentences long and think carefully about it as all the work that is done is based around this. With a research paper, details of the topic can be included and also a brief description of how the thesis statement will be proven or disproven. Body Although for some writers it might be easier to start with putting the arguments down first and then develop them into paragraphs. As you can always go back and adjust the thesis statement according to the research findings as unpredictable results can always turn up. It is best to present the supporting evidence with the strongest point last. Remember to write down commentary to the research as this will make it unique. Try to make the article flow well from one paragraph to another so that each paragraph doesn’t have an abrupt end. Conclusion When thinking how to write a research paper conclusion the key differences are that each of the arguments needs to be summarized. It is best to start with restating the thesis statement and then move onto the summarized points of the research. When writing the conclusion, it is important to tie up the results nicely of the research and give the reader a sense of completion. Also try to use the best choice words in the conclusion as this will leave more of an impression on the reader. Creating a Bibliography To avoid any possibilities of plagiarism, it is vital to list all the sources that have been used. The best way to record all documentation is with a bibliography and can be done in different styles depending on the type of research paper. Typically APA (American Psychology Association) will include a â€Å"references list† or â€Å"Bibliography† at the end of the paper. In-text citations need to be utilized which includes the author's last name, date of publication for the work and a page number. MLA (Modern Language Association) used widely in humanities also adopts in-text citations and will also include a â€Å"works cited† page at the end of the document. Chicago citation style was first adopted by Chicago University Press in 1906 and takes the form of two documentation systems. Author date style: Mostly used by social and natural sciences includes a brief in text citation which is expanded upon in the Bibliography section. Notes bibliography style: More commonly utilized by those in humanities in particular literature and the arts. A note will be recorded in the footer usually and also an entry in the bibliography. Tips for the Initial Draft Organise your material Try to keep all the notes and evidence in order and perhaps employ some color coding system to keep track. Also order your notes and research to the outline that has been prepared this will help the writing stage. Support each idea It is crucial that every point made in the research paper has supporting evidence, otherwise it will not be valid and appear just as commentary. Highlight areas that need more work later If you go through the article and look for weak sections or points, you can mark these somehow maybe highlight them. After you continue with the rest of the paper, it is possible to go back and further develop these ideas. Add commentary where possible To make your paper stand out from the rest add in additional commentary possibly in the footnotes to give your article the personal touch. Use paraphrase techniques or summarising This is a great way to avoid too long sentences that might start to distract the attention of the reader. Make sure the paragraphs flow well into each other To make the paper seem like a continuous text rather than a list of paragraphs with evidence. Include good transitions between the paragraphs and utilize transition words and phrases like â€Å"all things considered† and â€Å"another.† Editing your Draft Wait two or three days to go back and check Double check for any facts or figures that are wrong Organise ideas to the outline, change outline if needed Is the thesis proved well enough? All supporting information cited correctly? Check for grammatical errors and any repetition of words Is there a sense of conclusion to the paper? Run out of Time for all the Research? Do not worry if you have left your research paper until the last minute, come to our custom essay writing services page where you can get high quality writing or editing help. Ordering a custom paper couldn’t be easier from our team of professional writers from various academic backgrounds. So you can save time for the more important things in life! Plagiarism - Take someone else's work or ideas, and passing them off as one's own. ↠©Ã¯ ¸Å½

How Christmas Trees Became Popular in the 1800s

How Christmas Trees Became Popular in the 1800s The husband of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, gets the credit for making Christmas trees fashionable, as he famously set one up in Windsor Castle in the late 1840s. Yet there are reports of Christmas trees appearing in the United States years before the royal Christmas tree made a splash in American magazines. One classic yarn is that Hessian soldiers had been celebrating around a Christmas tree when George Washington caught them by surprise at the battle of Trenton. The Continental Army did cross the Delaware River to surprise the Hessians on Christmas night 1776, but there is no documentation of a Christmas tree having been present. Another story is that a Hessian soldier who happened to be in Connecticut set up Americas first Christmas tree in 1777. While thats accepted local lore in Connecticut, there also doesnt seem to be any documentation of the story. A German Immigrant and His Ohio Christmas Tree In the late 1800s a story circulated that a German immigrant, August Imgard, had set up the first American Christmas tree in Wooster, Ohio, in 1847. The story of Imgard appeared often in newspapers as a holiday feature. The basic version of the tale was that Imgard, after arriving in America, was homesick at Christmas. So he cut down the top of a spruce tree, brought it indoors, and decorated it with handmade paper ornaments and small candles. In some versions of the Imgard story he had a local tinsmith fashion a star for the top of the tree, and sometimes he was said to have decorated his tree with candy canes. There actually was a man named August Imgard who lived in Wooster, Ohio, and his descendants kept the story of his Christmas tree alive well into the 20th century. And there is no reason to doubt that he decorated a Christmas tree in the late 1840s. But there is a documented account of an earlier Christmas tree in America. First Documented Christmas Tree in America A professor at Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Charles Follen is known to have set up a Christmas tree in his home in the mid-1830s, more than a decade before August Imgard would have arrived in Ohio. Follen, a political exile from Germany, became known as a member of the abolitionist movement. The British writer Harriet Martineau visited Follen and his family at Christmas 1835 and later described the scene. Follen had decorated the top of a spruce tree with small candles and presents for his son Charlie, who was three years old. The first printed image of a Christmas tree in America seems to have occurred a year later, in 1836. A Christmas gift book titled A Strangers Gift, written by Herman Bokum, a German immigrant who, like Charles Follen, was teaching at Harvard, contained an illustration of a mother and several small children standing around a tree illuminated with candles. Earliest Newspaper Reports of Christmas Trees The Christmas tree of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert became known in America in the late 1840s, and in the 1850s reports of Christmas trees began appearing in American newspapers. A newspaper report described an interesting festival, a Christmas tree, which was viewed in Concord, Massachusetts on Christmas Eve 1853. According to the account in the Springfield Republican, all the children of the town participated and someone dressed as St. Nicholas distributed presents. Two years later, in 1855, the Times-Picayune in New Orleans published an article noting that St. Pauls Episcopal Church would be setting up a Christmas tree. This is a German custom, the newspaper explained, and one that has been of late years imported into this country, to the great delight of the young folks, who are its especial beneficiaries. The article in the New Orleans newspaper offers details indicating that many readers would be unfamiliar with the concept: A tree of evergreen, in size adapted to the dimensions of the room in which it is displayed, is selected, the trunk and branches of which are to be hung with brilliant lights, and laden from the lowest bought to the topmost branch, with Christmas gifts, delicacies, ornaments, etc., of every imaginable variety, forming a perfect storehouse of rare presents from old Santa Claus.What indeed can be more gratifying to children than to take them where their eyes will grow big and bright, feasting on such a sight on the eve of Christmas. A Philadelphia newspaper, The Press, published an article on Christmas Day 1857 which detailed how various ethnic groups had brought their own Christmas customs to America. It said: From Germany, in particular, comes the Christmas tree, hung all round with gifts of all sorts, interspersed with crowds of small tapers, which illuminate the tree and excite general admiration. The 1857 article from Philadelphia whimsically described Christmas trees as immigrants who had become citizens, stating, We are naturalizing the Christmas tree. And by the time, an employee of Thomas Edison created the first electric Christmas tree in the 1880s, the Christmas tree custom, whatever its origins, was permanently established. There are a number of unverified stories about Christmas trees in the White House in the mid-1800s. But it seems the first documented appearance of a Christmas tree wasnt until 1889. President Benjamin Harrison, who always had the reputation of being one of the less interesting presidents, was nonetheless very interested in Christmas celebrations. Harrison had a decorated tree placed in an upstairs bedroom of the White House, perhaps mostly for the entertainment of his grandchildren. Newspaper reporters were invited to see the tree and wrote fairly detailed reports about it. By the end of the 19th century, Christmas trees had become a widespread tradition throughout America.

What are the major arguments for both the advantages and disadvantages Essay

What are the major arguments for both the advantages and disadvantages of(1) division of powers and checks and balances and (2) federalism - Essay Example ecutive branch had the complete power of the United States vested in its care then a significant amount of individuals could potentially feel alienated or oppressed by the decision-making (Joe). Similarly, the short time period of congressional representatives, and the life period of judicial representatives allows for differing perspectives to be thrown into the political mix. Still theorists recognize that there are many disadvantages. The United States operates under what has been termed Federalism. One of the primary tenants of Federalism is that there is a national government, but states that fall within the auspices of this governmental structure. There is then a further division of powers between the states and the national government. Just as with the branches of government, the checks and balances between state and national powers guard against corruption and allow for multiple perspectives. Still, the disadvantages with both the divisions of the branches and Federalism are that they create layers of bureaucratic government structure. These added layers hinder the quick passage of laws that could directly contribute to the betterment of society (Rice). Joe, Chris. "Drawbacks of Checks and Balances." . N.p., 2011. Web. 26 Mar 2012.

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Reflection paper - Essay Example Proponents have argued that legalization will lead to reduce misuse of the drug among teenagers through proper regulation of its market which will reduce such exposures. The legalization will spur America’s economic growth by ensuring that the flow of money to other countries through criminal gangs is reduced rapidly. It has further been established that reasons upon which prohibition of the drug is based are not true and further efforts to have the drug prohibited will lead into increased illegal use in the country. Those in support of the ban have argued on grounds of health matters as well as increased abuse of the drug. The cartels who operate the black market in which the drug is currently sold are not easy to deal with and legalization will not put them off. From the above reasons against and in support of legalization, there is clear evidence that the drug should be made legal in the United

Discussion Of Strategic Human Resources Management

Discussion Of Strategic Human Resources Management In this particular task we will discuss the Strategic Human Resource Management. What it is, what is the importance of SHRM in the modern business, purpose and the contribution of SHRM in the business. With the increased global competition and the innovation of new technology and knowledge ,human resource management became the most critical function of organisation. Therefore, the workforce which was considered as resources became assets and are valuable for gaining competitive advantage for organisation. HRM helps organisation in aligning individual goals and objectives with the corporate goals and objectives, and rather than working as dictator HRM works as facilitator and promotes participative approach of workforce. In short, the SHRM focuses on the efficient and effective management of people in achieving the organizations vision or purpose. Conceptually, the SHRM goes beyond a set of coordination functions and activities of an organizations human resources. One of the fundamental ideas underlying the SHRM theory is that the organization can create a strategic fit or synergy between its HR strategies and organizational strategies. In other words, the organization should be able to side with its HR strategies and policies with whatever their organization might exist for. SHRM if designed carefully can become the driving force for organizational success. For, it is the HR that stands in the key position to influence growth and development of any organization. Variables such as customers and stakeholders, the quality of products or services, revenues or development outcomes are greatly determined by HR strategies and polices. Definition of SHRM Strategic human resource management can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In an organisation SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of the companys strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. [ezinearticles.com,2010] Task 1.1 Importance of SHRM With the hard core competition and the tough market conditions it is getting hard for the organisations to survive in the market .organisation have to develop themselves in such a way that they can survive and gain competetive advantage over its competitors.this is where shrm comes into picture as SHRM helps in the long term planning of the business.SHRM is a proactive management of people. It is a two way process where organisation meeting need of people and employees meeting needs of organisation SHRM helps in aligning individual goals with that of organisational goals and objectives by developing the skills of the employees by training and motivating employees. SHRM have provided new dimension for training and development by encouraging and facilitating innovation and creativity. Employees are motivated by enriching their work experience . Instead of the performance Appraisal s performance and talent management have taken place. Strategic Human Resource Management blurs the distinction between a specialized Human Resource Management function and core operational activity, SHRM Aims to achieve strategic fit by integrating Hr strategies and business strategies vertically. {Adopted from: People management} DESTS Strategic Human Resource Management Framework According to survey in 2007 by Australian government a DEST Strategic Human Resource Management Framework is designed which explains the development of the department which shows to retain talented people in challenging environment department is introducing new and innovative strategies while delivering fundamental human resource services like the salaries, payroll and recruitment. A strong emphasis on leadership is used as a key strategic element to help and support for department people. the department has built and maintained a creative and engaged workforce able to deliver the growing and diverse education, science and training agenda. {Adopted from: Curtin.edu,2011} This diagram illustrates the HRM function factor are the specific factors that influence the compatability of HR practices ,while firm level factors are analysed as major determinants for matching hr activities with strategy.personal factors which embrace the capabilities of both employees and manager are identified as common determinants for both horizontal and vertical fit. Task 1.2 Purpose of SHRM The aim of SHRM is to ensure that the strategic decisions are made having a major long-term impact on the behaviour and success of the organisation by ensuring that the employees of the organisation are skilled, motivated and highly committed to achieve the organisational goals and also attain the competitive advantage against other rivals. Some of the SHRM activities are listed as below: Resourcing:SHRM main activity is to have right people to do the right job at the rightime.Main emphasis is laid on the efficiency and effectiveness of staff.resourcing is a process and pay.which have planning,recruitment, selection ,induction. Retention: once the staff is hired emphasis is laid on the retention of staff by providing them necessary training and development, by motivating them, by providing them job security ,job enlargement and using the reward management like the the performance related pay. Flexibility: employees are provided with the flxibilty of work life balance, getting job done from home, like the part tiome jobs for students and mums and the maternity or the paternity holidays and the sick holidays to retain staff. Therefore the purpose of the shrm is to deploy right people for the right task and look after the flexibilty and training and development of employees.The purpose of Shrm can only be achieved by proper planning and implementation. Task 1.3 Contribution of SHRM In todays economy the HRM plays an important role in achieving the main objective of the organization. it has lot to contribute as the policies of the organization is set by the Human resource management jointly with the approval of the senior level management hence a lot is depend on the contribution of SHRM in the organization .For any HRM to make positive contribution to the organizational achievements it is necessary that the HRM should know the business ,the core competencies and their competitive advantage along with expectations of the organization and their customers .there is a need to evaluate key drivers in the business performance . This will help the HRM in formatting the stratergic according to the need of the organization .the organizations mission and vision is the key factor For example if the organization is a Fast Food Industry where generally the vision is customer centric, customer satisfaction and the value of time. All these requires a well trained workforce usually available for the job to be done on time hence improving quality of work-life can have a substantial impact by reducing errors accidents, reducing absenteeism turnover, and improving productivity customer service. Thus contribution of the strategic human resource management in todays economy and style of business can makes substantial impact to the objectives of the organization and thus in turn participate in helping the business of the company to grow to higher limits. SHRM contribute to the paradigm of the business.Shrm provides a value added core responsibility of HRM. HR Planning: The ongoing process of systematic planning to achieve optimum use of an organizations most valuable asset its human resources.(investopedia,2011) Hr Planning assist organisations to recruit ,retain and optimize the deployment of the personnel need ed to meet the business objectives and to respond to the external environment.The three key elements of the HR planning process are forecasting labor demand, analyzing present labor supply, and balancing projected labor demand and supply. This may include the development of training and retraining strategies.(bnet,2011) Utility of Human Resource Planning in an unstable econonmic environment can be stated as follow: Employee Maintainence: Tha administration and monitoring of workplace.Safety ,Health and welfare policiesto retain competent staff and comply with the statuatory standards and regulations.Employee Maintainence gives access to the employee data in regard to the personal and workplace information. Performance Management:Accordng to Armstrong and baron -Performance Management is a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved. Performance Management should be Strategic- About broader issues and long term goals and the Integrated -which links with the various aspects of the business ,people Management and individuals and teams. Peformance Management helps in the performance improvement and development of the individuals,teams and overall organisation.it also helps in managing behaviour iensuring that every there is better working conditions within the organisation.Performance mangament is a continuous process .Business starts of with the corporate goals and the departmental goals followed by the agreement on performance and development, leading to the development of plans betweenindividual and managers with continouous monitoring and feedback supported by formal reviews. Managers play aa important role in the performance management as they define individual behaviours ang assign duties and responsibilities and inform individuals about their accountibilities. Performance management is continuous improvement of the business processess, skills and behaviour of individuals and groups. Long Term Consequences: HR Planning main purpose is to recrit, retrain , optimise and deploy people.But HR is also responisble ethically to individuals working for the organisations.Ii has its responsibity towards individual for devolping their skills by providing them training .Training should lead the organisational effectiveness. HR is responsible towards the society for its well being following the ethical issues and the corporate governance.HR policies should be ethical and complaying with the laws. Because of the unstable Economic Environment large number of efforts are needed by the organisation sto sustain.Most of the organisations are trying to elimainate wastage like redundacy to get rid of the people who are not doing their job properly, Multitasking is pervailing and companieis are investing only on those employess who are capable and competent of multi tasking to assess sustainability. Hiring and training of new staff need lot of expenditure so companies is trying to train the staff internally from within the organisation. Task 2.1 Business Factors that underpin Human Resource Planning In an Organisation. Different business facors that underpin the Human Resource Planning in an organisation can be stated as follow: Competetive advantage: Human Resources within the organisations are treated as assets than capital.Having the Capable and Competent workforce than the competitor provides a competetive edge to organisation over the rivals. Talent management: Talent management is the systematic attraction, identification, development, engagement/ retention and deployment of those individuals who are of particular value to an organisation, either in view of their high potential for the future or because they are fulfilling business/operation-critical roles.(cipd,2011) From Business perspectives hiring those people who have the right skills that will be helpful to the organisation. Labour Market: HR Planning is affected by the labour Market which deals with the demand and supply of the skilled and unskilled workforce available in the market. Due to the Unstable economic Conditions their is to much of supply and less demand for the workforce . Strategy of the Organisation: Depending on the Strategy of the Business if they are the having a leader plan or the survival plan Hr will recruit and train staff. Finance: Heavy investment is needed in recruiting ,training and retaining staff . Different levels of management have Different raes of remuneration.According to the Finances Available to the HR Department Recriument or Training of workforce is done. Expansion or growth: Expansion or growth requires recriument and promoting of the workforce. Law: HR policies and planning has to abide by the law .Law relating to the women working, pay, holidays or the ethical issues. Internal /External Environment: Environment affect the operations and the working of the orgaistions. As the market is turbulent therefore the Hr planning is affected by the economeic conditions . Organisational need : Depending upon the structure or the culture of the organisation HR act . To provide flexibilty there can be number of part timers within the organisation. Apart from these factors HR planning is also affected by the mission and purpose of the organisation and the resource planning of the organisation. Task 2.2 HR Requirement in a given situation In a given situation HR requirement is about the workforce analysis.HR main job is to have right number of people with the right skill available for the job. Any training and development required is also analysed by the HR.HR estimates the cost of training and development. It is the responisibity of the HR to retain the staff.Basically HR is involved in all the activities related to the human resources such as recuiting,selecting, training, retaining . Task 2.3 Develop a HR Plan For an organization Organizational objectives are defined by the top management and the role of HRP is to sub serve the overall objectives by ensuring availability and utilization of human resources.   HR Demand Forecast: Helps in estimating future quantity and quality of people required. There are several good reasons to conduct demand forecasting Quantify the jobs necessary for producing a given number of goods Determine what staff-mix is required Asses appropriate staffing levels in different parts of the organization Prevent shortages of people Monitor compliance with legal requirements with regard to reservation of jobs HR Supply Forecast: Supply forecasting measure the number of people likely to be available from within and outside an organisation .Reasons for supply forecast are: Helps quantify number of people and positions expected to be available Helps clarify staff mixes that will exist in the future Assess existing staff levels in different parts of the organization Prevents shortage of people Monitors expected future compliance with legal requirements of job reservations HR Programming Once an organizations personnel and supply are forecast, the two must be reconciled or balanced in order that vacancies can be filled by the right employees at the right time. HR Plan Implementation Implementation requires converting an HR plan into action. A series of action programmes are initiated as apart of HR plan implementation. Recruitment, Selection and Placement- after the job vacancies are known, efforts must be made to identify sources and search for suitable candidates. The selection programme should be professionally designed. Training and development- The training and development programme should cover the number of trainees required and programmes necessary for existing staff Retraining and Redeployment- new skills are to be imparted to existing staff when technology changes. Retention plan- retention plan covers actions which would help reduce avoidable separations of employees. Downsizing- where there is surplus employee, trimming of labour force will be necessary Control and Evaluation Control and evaluation represents the fifth and the final stage of hrp process. It should also clarify responsibilities for implementation and control, and establish reporting procedures, which will enable achievements to be monitored against the plan. Task 2.4 Critically evaluate how a human resource plan can contribute to meeting an organisations objectives: Human Resource Planning plan for the optimum use of its human resources. HR planning therefore deals with having right people for right job at the right time. Therfore Hr is responible for fulfilling the organisational objective. Making best use of people: HR is responsible for hiring right people for the right job. Proper utilization of the capabilities of the individuals help the organisation to achieve its goal. Planning for the surplus and shortage of staff: HR plans helps the organisation about the skill and unskill labour market . If there is excess of staff then staff is made redundant or the early retirements are given to employees .but if the staff is in shortage than than the staff is hired or trained from within . Multiskilling is practised by the organisation. It is the responsibilty of the Hr to have right number of staff for the right job. Efficient utilization of people: Hr helps in the effective and efficient use of the workforce Hr helps the organisation to be cost effective by providing employees with the job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment.Employees tend to acquire more skills by this. Succession Planning:Wendy Hirsh defines succession planning as a process by which one or more successors are identified for key posts (or groups of similar key posts), and career moves and/or development activities are planned for these successors. Successors may be fairly ready to do the job (short-term successors) or seen as having longer-term potential (long-term successors). Therefore Hr defines the right candidate to be promoted for the right post. Recriument of Efficient Staff: Talent Management is in practice which helps the organisation to gain competetive advantage over its competitors and finding the cabable and competent employee for the job. Creating a fit between the HR Strategies and business Strategy:HR need ritcto follow the policies which will help in the achievemnet of the business objectives.Strategies concerning recruiting, training, deployment and delayering should all be aliged with the business strategy to achieve business objectives. The Development and Retention of the Human resources:Beside recriument and training it is very essential for organisation to retain and develop the staff. Task 2.5 Explain the purpose of HR management policies in organisation Human resource policies are the formal rules and guidelines that businesses put in place to hire, train, assess, and reward the members of their workforce.(uslegal,2010) Rules and Norms: HR policy should follow the rules and norms and should comply with the law. Procedures- HR policies provides a clear idea about the procedures relating to the displinary. Support- HR policies provide support in regared to the working hours and the break timimngs etc. Displinary and greviaces-Policies relating to the greviances such as how the greviances by solved and what are the displinary measures and the misconduct and the gross misconduct. Performance Management: Performance management underlines the Hr policies about analysing and measuring the performance of individuals. These underline the probation time , appriasal and the reviews by the management. Employee Relations-HR policies provide support to employees in relation to any problem or information relating to the workplace. Reward Management : HR policies states the pay and remuneration of the employees and how the employees are paid . Task 2.6 Analyse the Impact of regulatory requirements on HR policies in an organisations Regulatory bodies have tremendous effect on the HR hence it is mandatory for the HR to keep the Law and regulatory authorities at priority before finalizing on HR Policies failing to do so would lead the organization into serious trouble with consequences up to heavy penalty and license being cancelled. There are a few of those policies No discrimination policy discrimination of any sort is a crime hence the HR follows the policy of no discrimination policy. Training is been given to employees on this topic which explain them what they can say or do. Equal opportunity policies where the Hr has to plan a structure to offer jobs for everyone irrespective on anything Economic : Hr sholud look after tax policies as well. Any Tax Evasion of wrong Income Shown leads to the unethical bahaviour .therefore HR policies should work ethically towards the government. Sexual or mental harassment policy: Hr takes a serious action against any employee breaking this policy Working HR Restriction policy: Hr Has to proved a contracted hours of job for immigrants that have work hour restriction for their job Social Corporate Responsibilty:it is HR responsibility to look after the welfare of the society or invest in the ecnomic infrastructure or creating jobs for the unemployed in the society. Adequate Resource and Training : HR policies should have proper measures for the training and development of workforce. Respect for employees: HR policies should support diversity in work cultures and the common law for respect for the employees and forbade the use of abusive language at work. Regular performance review: it is mandatory for the Comapnies to perform reviews of employees as it provide the idea of the working of employees. There are various policies and procedure that has to be implemented by the HR due to the legal restrictions of the government . Task 3.1 Impact of Organisational structure on HR: An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims (wikipedia,2010) An organisation s structure is presented as an organisational chart which shows how management is organised vertically with layers of hierarchy and horizontally by function, product or division.There are three main types of organisational structure: tall ,hierarchical,flat hierarchical and matrix.In the centralized structure decision making power is concentrated in the top layer of management and in the decentralised structure decision making power is distributed. HR do not have much power to exercise in the traditional structure but in regard of the decentralised Hr have rights and power to exercise. Hr helps in improving the communication between managers ,supervisors and employees.It helps in allocating the roles ,powerand responsibilities are delegated ,controlled and coordinated. Task 3.2 Impact of organization culture on HR: The specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholdersHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stakeholder_(corporate) outside the organization.(wikipedia,2011) Role culture also known as the Greek temple ; classical structure, bureaucratic nature, roles more important that the people who fill them. Position power predominates and expert power tolerated. This culture serves the cause of structure.This type of culture is normally for the Army or the Home Office. Hr define the role properly for every individuals. Task culture also known as the Net; the focus is on completing the job. Individuals expertise and contribution are highly valued. Expert power predominates, but both personal and position power are important. The unifying force of the group is manifested in high levels of collaboration. NHS nurses and doctor are the examples of the tash culture.There is continouous training needed for the jobs. Person culture also known as a Cluster or Galaxy; a loose collection of individuals usually professionals sharing common facilities but pursuing own goals separately. Power is not really an issue, since members are experts in their own right. This type of culture serves the individual. Accountant,businessman are the examples.No hr is needed for the person culture as the individuals take their own decision and do not require any staff. Task 3.3 How effectiveness of HR is monitored:- Performance appraisal (PA) is one of the important components in the rational and systemic process of human resource management. The information obtained through performance appraisal provides foundations for recruiting and selecting new hires, training and development of existing staff, and motivating and maintaining a quality work force by adequately and properly rewarding their performance. There are two primary purposes of performance appraisal: evaluative and developmental. The evaluative purpose is intended to inform people of their performance standing. The collected performance data is used to reward high performance. The developmental purpose is intended to identify problems in employees performing the assigned task. The collected performance data is used for training and development purposes.The effectiveness of HR can be monitored by auditing the following functions of the Human resources like Hiring Procedures/Recruitment/Interviewing:- the quality of the hiring procedure ,recruitment and the interviewing criteria Reference Checking Process :- To thoroughly check the reference provided by the employee New Employee Orientation Program:- the Quality of the orientation programmed for fresh employees Salary Reviews/Compensation Issues :- the Time Taken to provide solution to these issues Employee Benefits Programs :- Are these programmed Worth for the employees HR Policies and Procedures :- their Adherence quality Employee Handbook :- How well it is reviewed Job Descriptions for Key Positions:- if the employees know about their duties and responsibilities. Cross Training :- Quality of Checking if the training was worthy enough for the employee Skills Assessments : criteria to assess the skills of the employee Staff Mentoring : the degree or the quality of mentoring provided to the staff by the HR if situation arises where a staff needs mentoring (htr,2010) Task 3.4 Recommendation to improve the effectiveness of HRM Below are some recommendations Have a check on the composition of the audit team which audits the performance of the HR. have a member of HR in the team representing the HR Review the values and the Mission statements of the HR Review the effectiveness of the Hr policies in getting the polices adhere to the desired result KPIs ( Key performance indicators should be set for Hr functions and should be monitored performance monitoring for the implementation for the planning made by the HR in the next six months also implementation and proper execution of the trading or other activity assigned for the employees. The time or the period taken by the HR to solve or rectify or address a query shall also be monitored and their follow up for the same has to be made. Appointing a consultant to examine the HR of a given Company would be a better option Conclusion Human Resource Planning helps ,in selection,recruiting,training and appraising . HR department helps the organisation to gain competetive advantage over its competitor by selecting the employees with the right skill to do the right job. HR now a days is focussing more on the talent management.Concepts like psycological contract ,learning organisations are getting into practise to increase the efficiency and productivity of employees. Refrences: Inroduction of SHRM available[online] http://www.rim.edu.bt/Publication/Archive/rigphel/rigphel2/people_mgt.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Image of organisational culture adopted [online]http://changeworksblog.com/category/viral-change-change-management/ accessed [14th January 2011] defination of personnel management available [online]http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/personnel-management.html accessed[ 14th January 2011] HRM Available[online]http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Defination of SHRM avaliable [online]http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585HYPERLINK http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Strategic-Human-Resource-Management?id=549585id=549585 accessed [14th January 2010] HR Planning Available[online]http://www.bnet.com/topics/human+resource+planning accessed[24th January 2011] Image of HR Available [online] http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2006/issue2/strategic.html[Accessed 18th January 2011] HR Planning Available(online)http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/human-resource-planning.asp [accessed 24th January 2011] Utility of HR Planning available[online]http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/perfmangmt/general/perfman.htm [accessed 24th January 2011] Talent Management Available[online]http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/recruitmen/general/talent-management.htm?IsSrchRes=1 [Accessed 25thJanuary 2011] Human Resource Policies Available[online] http://definitions.uslegal.com/h/human-resource-policies/ [Accessed 25th January 2011] Organisational structure Available[online]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisational_structure [Accessed 25th January 2011] Defination of Organisational Culture Available[online] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_culture [Accessed 25th January 2011] HR Effectiveness Available[online]http://www.htr.org/hrmanagement.asp [accessed25th January 2011] Doherty N.,Tyson S.,1999Human Resource Excellence.,Cranfield School of Mnagement.,Financial TimesManagement. Anthony P.W.et al.,1995.Strategic Human Resource Management,Dryden Press. Image of Evolution of SHRM available [online] http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/77199.aspx?p=2 [accessed 18th January 2011] DEST Strategic Human Resource management Framework Available[online] http://www.annualreport2007.dest.gov.au/chapter_eight/people_management.htm [accessed 18th January 2011] Workforce planning Available[online] http://www.cciq.com.au/Business-Skills/Adult-Learning/What-training-is-right-for-your-business[ Accessed 19th January 2011]

Symbolism in William Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay -- essays resea

Symbolism in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies renders either through a character, intention, or theme. The author uses these symbols to have a greater impact on the readers’ interpretation of the novel, rather than merely revealing the idea. First and foremost, the beast and its several manifestations are few of the many signs that support deeper meanings. Furthermore, there is Piggy, one with intelligence and responsibility and one very important symbol. Finally, there are the two fires which are vital representations in the novel that contrasts and demonstrates irony. The use of symbols does provide a deep elucidation of the novel, but it supports an even more profound significance for the readers’ perspectives as well. In the novel, the beast is an inclusive symbol which comes to the boys in many distinctive figures. Due to their fear of the unknown island and each other, they begin to suppose that there is a tangible ‘beastie’ with them on the island. Each character arranges an emotional fear within themselves from their sinister side of human nature. All the fear can then have the ability to bring the fictional beast to life. One way they perceive the beast is through an unfortunate parachutist who lost his life and is blown onto the island. Although he is harmless, Ralph describes him as a monster with, â€Å"†¦teeth, and big black eyes.† (Golding 136). All but 1 2 Simon know the genuine behind their fears and the shape of the creature. Knowing that, â€Å"†¦Maybe it’s only us.† (Golding 96), he confronts the beast at the summit of the mountain and soon understands that he is no more but dead flesh. However, his truth eventually leads to his demise during the savages’ chaotic... ...e soul. Succinctly, Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a mental exertion of symbols which are meant to have the readers reflect above and beyond to more individual thoughts. The analysis of the novel becomes more interesting and authentic through the themes that it is shown through. The fire, the beast and Piggy are only some of symbols on the mechanism of human nature and even nature in itself. The many representations also intend to stand for simple theses and are meant to have an impact on how one thinks about the present society. There are always small signs in everyday life which represent and help develop the civilization known today. The nature of a symbol is a capability to manipulate and explore relationships between various ideas and information. Ultimately, the novel uses this nature to support deeper characteristics in both the literary and human worlds.

Budgeting Process Is a Waste of Time and Valuable Resources Essay

A budget is a plan for financing an enterprise or government during a definite period, which is prepared and submitted by a responsible executive to a representative body (or other duly constituted agent) whose approval and authorization are necessary before the plan may be executed. In the case of Uganda, it is a financing plan for one year prepared by the president and approved by Parliament. Some scholars have argued that budgets are a waste of time and valuable resources. But this statement is not entirely true as the budget process has some very useful roles in public administration as shown below;- Financial control. Government needs to be able to exercise control over the ministries and departs – i. e. to make sure that the ministries are keeping to plan and that necessary actions can be taken to put them back on track when needed. Government needs to have control tools to make sure that financial plans and targets are being achieved, and the best tool is the budget. The budget is a plan set out in numbers, which enables the government to exercise control. The difference between what is budgeted to happen and what actually happens is termed a variance. A favorable variance means that ministry or department is doing well while an adverse variance shows those that are not. Allocation of scarce resources. One of the biggest tasks of government is the allocation of scare resources. This is often done through the budget. Resource allocation refers to the distribution of resources, and in particular finance, from the center to peripheral levels. Because the budgetary process is often participatory, it enable the various ministries and local governments to identify their needs and present them to the centre. Programme Coordination. The budget process serves very well to coordinate government departments and ministries. It is at this budget process that the government can get to know who is doing what and at what cost. Government can for example be able to tell that water for irrigation has been covered under the Ministry of Agriculture and should therefore be omitted from the Ministry of Water and Environment. Communication. The public budget serves as a communication tool to a variety of audiences. The general public, civil society, and legislators all receive information from the budget process. Once the budget has been approved by the legislature and signed into law, the ministries and other agencies become the information recipients. Importantly, each of these actors perceives the budget differently. Budget also communicates upwards. Ministries and various agencies must prepare a budget that persuades the president that they support him and his manifesto. At this level of the process, the information in the budget document must explain why a program deserves continued support, how it meets the president’s policy priorities, and how well it is using the resources it has been given. After a ministry budget has been incorporated into the national budget the primary audience for communicating information shifts from the executive to the legislative branch of government. The primary goal at this stage is to provide information to legislature with the recommendations and analysis that serve as the basis for their decisions. Perhaps the most important purpose for public budgeting is to communicate a ministry’s intentions and performance to the citizens. The media also plays a major role in presenting budgets to the citizens. The key events in the budget processes and budget documents must serve to support a mass communication task. Successful communication helps to build legitimacy for the government and its programs. Budgeting as a Governing Tool. Public budgeting has become an increasingly central galvanizing force for both the administrative and policy side of governance. This process begins with the preparation of program-level, agency-level, and then ministry-level requests for the coming fiscal year. This budget process presents a political platform for the selection of policy choices and for the allocation of resources to support those choices. The development of a national budget provides the foundation from which to organize a coordinated response to these complex problems and needs. Financial Accountability. Reflecting its roots, the budget process provides the tools to ensure financial accountability. Legislative oversight and audit functions are important activities that provide an opportunity for ministries to demonstrate that they have complied with legislative directives. This compliance provides assurances to both elected officials and to the public that the ministry and its programs are serving the public interest. Influence on the Economy . The spending and taxation policies of the central government and local governments have economic impact. Of course, the central government, with its sh11 trillion for 2012/2013 has far more impact on the economy than billions the local governments spend. From an economist’s point of view, the budget serves the following combination of economic objectives: * funds social service programs for those in need, thus increasing the demand for private sector goods and services; * reflects tax policy that affects business and individuals; * reflects and funds the enforcement of commercial, transportation, land use and environmental regulations that affect the business climate; * funds education and other training programs that enhance the country’s human and economic resources; * funds routine purchases (like stationary) and capital projects (like Bujagali dam) that stimulate economic activity; * serves to redistribute wealth across the country’s residents; and * Supports the government as the largest single employer. Public Budgeting as Political tool. The budget process presents a series of opportunities for elected officials and interest groups. The perspectives and needs of elected officials and interest groups may fr equently contrast with the values and hopes of most public administrators. Understanding these contrasting needs is a useful key to understanding the budget process. Elected officials must respond to their constituent’s needs and demonstrate a record of leadership. MPs must demonstrate an ability to use government to solve problems in their constituencies. Survival of an MP rests on this ability. In contrast, civil servants often rely on public service and professional values to guide their sense of action and accomplishment. For example, at the ministry of finance, the minister (who is not elected) and budget analysts are primarily committed to acquiring the resources necessary to maintain the efficient and effective delivery of programs, not delivering on promises to constituents. The budget process provides leadership opportunities to bridge and reconcile these competing perspectives. The promises of an election campaign must be quickly translated into policies and programs. Campaign goals and visions must be translated into legislation and directives that can reform and reorient the ministries. The budget also provides an opportunity for the executive to engage with the legislature. When executive and legislative branches are divided, compromise is usually necessary to meet the constitutional duty shared by the Executive and legislative branches i. e the president must present a budget to the legislature and the parliament is constitutionally required to enact a budget. Waste of time. On many instances, however, budgets may appear of a waste of time when they are not adhered too. In Uganda for example, The Monitor newspaper reported that the budget for Sate House had jumped from Shs66. 1 billion approved in September last year to Shs204. 4 billion. On the day to day running, there always unforeseen consequences that governments have to cater for and often need extra resources beyond what is budgeted for. An example in Uganda was the Bududa landslides, In the US we have seen incidences such Hurricane Katrina that devastated New Orleans in 2005. But that is only a perception. Budgets play a very big role in public management and administration.

Three Main Psychological Disorders - 1137 Words

Three Main Psychological Disorders Introduction Psychological disorders are also referred to as mental disorders. This can be defined as psychological symptoms or behavioral patterns that affect multiple life areas of an individual. In addition, they are likely to cause distress for patients who experience the symptoms. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder develops because of traumatizing events that threaten the safety of an individual making him/her feel helpless. Often, people relate PTSD with soldiers in the battlefields and combats from the military. However, any overwhelming live occurrence is expected to trigger PTSD. This occurs in case the event was uncontrollable and unpredictable. Posttraumatic stress disorder has the possibility to affect individuals who have experienced a catastrophe, the witnesses and those who help in the recovery operations such as the law enforcers and emergency employees. In addition, it can take place in the family and friends members of the person who experienced the actual trauma. PTSD has a different way of developing depending on each person. While its symptoms are likely to develop after some days or hours of the traumatizing event, sometimes it takes years, months or even weeks before they appear. Sometimes, these symptoms can emerge suddenly, gradually, or over ti me. Anything that reminds an individual of the original traumatic event is likely to trigger the symptoms. This includes smell, certain wordsShow MoreRelatedEating Disorder Outline951 Words   |  4 Pagestopic which is eating disorder. Central Idea: informative speech about the three type of eating disorder which are Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa. Then my second point will focus on the causes of eating disorder, after that in my last main point I will discuss its effects on our life. I. Introduction A. 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