Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is one of the best-known gases on the planet, largely because it is so important for our physical survival. It is a crucial part of Earths atmosphere and hydrosphere, its used for medical purposes, and it has a profound effect on plants, animals, and metals. Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is atomic number 8 with the element symbol O. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1773, but he did not publish his work immediately, so credit is often given to Joseph Priestly in 1774.  Here are 10 interesting facts about the element oxygen. Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration. Plant photosynthesis drives the oxygen cycle, maintaining it around 21% in air.  While the gas is essential for life, too much of it can be toxic or lethal. Symptoms of oxygen poisoning include vision loss, coughing, muscle twitching, and seizures.  At normal pressure, oxygen poisoning occurs when the gas exceeds 50%.Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.  Its usually purified by  fractional distillation of liquefied air, but the element is found in many compounds, such as water, silica, and carbon dioxide.Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue.  At lower temperatures and higher pressures, oxygen changes its appearance from blue monoclinic crystals to orange, red, black, and even a metallic appearance.Oxygen is a nonmetal.  It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile. The atoms readily gain electrons a nd form covalent chemical bonds. Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.  Atomic oxygen, which is also called singlet oxygen does occur in nature, although the ion readily bonds to other elements. Singlet oxygen may be found in the upper atmosphere. A single atom of oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2.Oxygen supports combustion.  However, it is not truly flammable!  It is considered an oxidizer. Bubbles of pure oxygen dont burn.Oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but doesnt retain permanent magnetism.Approximately 2/3 of the mass of the human body is oxygen. This makes it the most abundant element, by mass, in the body.  Much of that oxygen is part of water, H2O. Although there are more hydrogen atoms in the body than oxygen atoms, they account for significantly less mass. Oxygen is also the most abundant element in the Earths crust (about 47% by mass) and the third most common element in the Universe. As stars bu rn hydrogen and helium, oxygen becomes more abundant. Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red, green, and yellow-green colors of the aurora. Its the molecule of primary importance, as far as generating bright and colorful auroras.Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elements until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12. Oxygen made a good choice for the standard before much was known about isotopes because although there are 3 natural isotopes of oxygen, most of it is oxygen-16. This is why the atomic weight of oxygen (15.9994) is so close to 16. About 99.76% of oxygen is oxygen-16.

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Expert Help from Professionals

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Expert Help from Professionals How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay All students must know how to write an enduring issues essay. Read our recommendations and guidelines to improve the quality of your academic work. How to Improve Your Enduring Issues Essay Writing Tip #1: Choosing an Ensuring Issue and Creating a Thesis Statement One of the first things to do is choosing an enduring issue you want to analyze in your paper. Choose an issue that is well-researched. This way, you will find enough evidence to support your position. Find at least three credible documents related to the enduring issue of your choice. Scan them and isolate the most important information. Use it to develop a thesis statement. You cannot write a perfect enduring issues essay if you do not create a compelling thesis. It is strongly advisable that you write your essay as an argumentative paper. Your thesis should become the last sentence of the introduction. Review the examples below to formulate a thesis related to your chosen enduring issue: The enduring issue of hunger and poverty affects millions of people on the planet, and only a collective policy effort can relieve the burden of hunger and resource scarcity facing humans. Radicalism and religiosity have always been the two ensuring issues for people, and the 21st century should become the time of appropriate solutions, to protect the lives of people and create a space for continuous development into the future. Human trafficking is an enduring issue that affects men and women alike, and countries of the world should unite around the goals of human rights protection and welfare promotion to give as many people as possible a chance to avoid the chains of imprisonment. Please remember that you can choose among numerous enduring issues. You can also consider nested issues. In either case, you will need to provide compelling evidence that the issue is significant and deserves attention. You will need to explain how the issue of your choice has endured across time and space. For instance, human trafficking probably existed for centuries and took different forms. However, it is not until the beginning of the 21st century that it became a matter of global concern. How did it happen? You will need to write it in your enduring issues essay. Â  Tip #2: Gather Information from Multiple Sources How to write an enduring issues essay? You will need to collect extensive information from outside sources. You will need to scan dozens of documents to support your thesis statement and defend your position. Make sure that you have a lot of relevant information from multiple sources. Incorporate it into your argument. Otherwise, it will be weak and inconclusive. Anything will work. For example, you may want to scan historic documents that illustrate the patterns of gender relationships and marital unions leading to human trafficking. You may also want to locate historical documents, which highlight the changing perceptions of religiosity and radicalism in society. Do not reiterate obvious things! Your teachers are not stupid. They want to see how you use your analytical mind to produce a powerful enduring issues essay! Tip #3:Â   Bringing Together Analysis, Argumentation, and Impact As you look at an enduring issues essay example, you will remember your parents or your teachers telling you that quality is more important than quantity. However, when it comes to an enduring issues essay, both quality and quantity play a role. You will need to collect extensive evidence. However, you will need to be sure that this evidence is of unquestionably high quality. Do not hesitate to include valuable details! Provide insights into the nature and complexity of the enduring issue you are considering in your work. For example, if you decide to discuss the human trafficking issue mentioned above, you can follow two different pathways. Human trafficking has been an issue for decades and centuries; cases of rights violations were registered across the world. This looks like two sentences, obviously well formulated to express the main idea of your enduring issues essay. However, they are not enough to present a compelling and engaging argument. They do not create a context for analysis and argumentation. They simply state some simple truth. Instead, you should expand on these two sentences and incorporate evidence from outside sources. The result is this: Human trafficking represents a cluster of factors that expose individuals to the risks of health damage and human rights violations. According to Document 1, human trafficking was an issue during ancient times. Although it was not the only way for ruling parties to exert their influence on incumbents, it was a prevalent instrument exercised by people of power to achieve their mercenary goals. The Declaration of Human Rights creates a context for the analysis of human trafficking and associated violations. The beginning of the 21st century signifies a new era in human struggles to reduce the number of people who suffer from human rights violations. In this answer, you see evidence from other sources. It also speaks about how the issue evolved over time. Tip #4:Â  Analysis Is More Important than Summary As you have noticed, in your enduring issues essay you will need to show how the issue has persisted across centuries. You will also need to provide evidence of its impacts on people. Here, you may also want to discuss how people changed the progress of the issue or tried to resolve it in the past. This is why it is so important to analyze rather than summarize external information. Your paragraphs should have a topic sentence each and they should all be linked to the central enduring issue. Want to know how to write an enduring issues essay? Do not just summarize the information. A simple summary will earn you nothing but C. Be critical. Analyze information. Share the results of your analysis with the audience. Do not conceal facts, but be cautious when you present information from multiple sources, particularly if it is contradictory. If you want to know the secret of successful writing, it is simple, and it is here: analyze, analyze, analyze. Do not summarize.

Respond to The Declaration of Independence Essay

Respond to The Declaration of Independence - Essay Example In the following paragraphs, I will discuss further the right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness which is the very essence of the Declaration of independence and include their significance in today’s world. According to Jefferson, people have the right to live and protect their lives. The statement â€Å"He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren or to fall themselves by their arms† (82), shows that there was the violation of life. It is known that when the colonizers first set foot on the land, they faced the danger of fighting with Native Americans but that was understandable because both parties fought for their lives, being aliens toward each other. However, for Jefferson, life of the people has been violated because the colonizers themselves were killing each other, friend against friend and brother against brother, not for survival but because of the order of the king. When Jefferson and his colleagues successfully got rid of the British claws that was taking the lives of numerous people, sadly, the fight for the right for life has not been over yet. When it was not White against White that was happening, the divide between the Whites and Blacks was magnified. Whites are known to have owned Black slaves and for decades, there have been killings of slaves simply because of the slave-owner’s desire to have control of his slaves. For this reason, some slaves take their chances of escaping which infuriated slave-owners all the more, causing them more reasons to hurt them or even kill them. The fight for the right for life among slaves has been long and hard but in time, the vision of Jefferson for a government that respects such right has come. Slave-ownership was abolished in 1863 through the Proclamation of Emancipation issued by

Symbolic Interactionism Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symbolic Interactionism Theory - Term Paper Example Since, it encompasses people inhabiting certain global fragments who have attached numerous interpretations to their environment. Additionally, it argues that an individual’s perception is a reflection of fellow people’s appraisals whose basis lies in the already constructed interpretation (Jeon 254). The concept stresses the essence of words that human normally apply while describing conduct of fellow individuals and in relation to their inhabitancy. For instance, a rapist may shield himself by arguing that some women (hitchhikers) cannot claimto be a casualty of rape. Since, she asked for it while the motorist was not even aware of their presence until they waved the car to a halt to inquire for lift. Horton C. C. and George H. Mead were the pioneers of this conception, which emerged during the onset of 20Th century (Aldiabat & Carole-Lynne 1069). Primarily, this theory entails interpretation of aspects amid few opposite parties aimed at enhancing their interaction in a communal setting. Strengths The theory does not entail complex criterion that comprises rules governing varied symbol interpretations (Jeon 249). Since, one’s capability of communicating effectively and understand diverse symbols or objects in his social environment depends on  one's aptitude to mingle with others. This strengths the society because people emanating from a similar region normally hold on to identical interpretations about varied aspects that enhance their relations and makes them exceptional (Aldiabat & Carole-Lynne 1065). In addition, it is easy to transmit information because the recipient only interprets previously known objects’ meaning in the mind, which the communicator refers. Symbolic Interactionism in some incidences may not require talking, where a person through gestures is capable passing the message as necessitated. Weaknesses The theory is a challenge especially in numerous incidences, where one cannot exactly fathom whether the inte rpreter is reacting to stereotype or is natural. Since environment in which one resides determines general interpretation of a send signal, which may be due to information held towards a certain symbol or people. This concept has no way of having a clear â€Å"control group† because socialization of an individual may have a significant impact from birth. Hence, implying that what one esteems and comprehends regarding a certain aspect will remain and no external impact of the societal fabric would create a diverse, significant consequence. Critics argue that the concept is an outline of theories. Hence, implying in its application and study lacks basis because due to other concepts inclusion, hence serve a central role in its structure. This makes the theory incapable of handling social structures and related aspects especially those that are macro. Symbolic Interactionism tends to be limited within a region where its interpretations abound while derailing the external relatio ns, hence seclusion of people. Theory Application One morning while in the 11Th grade and during a Math’s session, the teacher (Amos) after reviewing previous lesson’s content informed us that will have slight exercise to awaken the minds. In his hand, Amos had a work sheet that he kept on referring while instructing the class. The exercise meant to prepare us for the next topic, where each received a

IBM Research Topic Essay Example for Free

IBM Research Topic Essay Mission Statement-Suitability for IBM The mission statement of IBM is suitable for the organization, and that not only because it sufficiently refers to the features a mission statement must have, but also because it expresses a spirit of success, teamwork and customer consideration, a spirit that only big companies can generate. Mission Statement-Strengths and weaknesses Though much important a mission stetement is, it can develop some strengths and weaknesses regarding mostly the customers of a company, the workforce and its shareholders. These three groups of people constitute a larger framework of groups, which has a legitimate interest in the fortunes of a company, the stakeholders of a company. Customers-Strengths In the market of information technology, customers will expect the most advance information technology from a company in order to fulfill their needs. Customers will also demand a flexible range of products and services (after sales service) to suit their needs. By reading the mission statement of IBM it is more than visible that the company fulfills these demands and provides strengths to its customers (â€Å"we strive to lead in the creation and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies†, â€Å"we translate these advance technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions and services worldwide†). Generally the mission statement of IBM expresses a spirit of marketing orientation, and customer devotiation. Customers-Weaknesses It is extremeny difficult to pinpoint any weaknesses regarding customers generated from the mission statement of IBM, since the company’s mission statement expresses a spirit of marketing orientation and customer service (â€Å"we translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions and services worldwide†). However one could say that extremely high technology and development might create such a specialisation that may lead to non-user friendly products, which would not sufficiently serve the needs of the customers. This could be encountered as a weakness. Workforce-Strengths The workforce of a company will expect to operate in a friendly and teamwork enviroement, in which opportunities for training and career development will be given. The mission statement of IBM complies with these expectations, and so provides strengths to the workforce. Since the product line of IBM is highly technologically advanced (â€Å"development and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies) the workforce of IBM will have the opportunity of being trained and having developed their career in the future. Apart from this, the mission statement itself expresses the team spirit that exist in IBM and is being expected from the workforce (â€Å"At IBM, we strive to lead in creation†¦.†. Workforce-Weaknesses Apart from the strengths that are generated from the mission statement of IBM a few weaknesses can also arise. By reading the mission statement of IBM you can easily observe the tense the company has to invest in the development of the company (technology, services) in order to lead in creation, development and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies and so to serve by a more fruitfull way the needs of its customers. This however can have a negative impact on some expectations of the workforce. Employees might expect some profits of the company to be given for the use of raising wages rather than investing for the development of the company. Employees might expect shorter working hours and more standardised products and services. The non-confrontation of these expectations can be considered as weaknesses.

Washington Square Essay -- Argumentative Henry James Essays

Washington Square In Putt's book Henry James: A Readers Guide, he speaks in a chapter about Washington Square. Within this chapter he goes over the role that Catherine plays in the story. She ultimately chooses spinsterhood, and not to defy her father, and to be the good daughter. The theme of avoidance o f marriage, spinsterhood, is something that is focused on by James in much of his work (Putt 46). Putt dwells on the fact that the father was a cruel man, and gives extraneously long quotes from James's original text to make a small point. I think that this author would have been much more effective if he would have narrowed down his thought in this chapter. Putt touches on a lot of things concerning Washington Square, such as the intrusion of the narrator, in the second person no less, and the analysis of the novel by some Doctors out in the field. It seemed to me that Putt could have been more successful by keeping it short and sweet, and not giving brief synopsis of the entire novel. The novel, Wa shington Square, Putt says in this chapter, is not even long enough to be considered a novel. Please tell me why. Putt offers no explanation as to why he believes this is so, and really should not have put in his own two cents anyway. Once again this jump in topic indicates a real strain to try to keep up with the subject that the author wishes to discus. He asks more questions than he answers and to me that was very frustrating. If Putt was really trying to be objective, he could at least have gotten the answers he sought so that the rest of us would not have to ponder the answer for him. Putt seemed to me to be very critical of this work of James, although he does not deny that this is definitely one of James's best pieces. ... ... speaking of Morris Townsend's selfishness, both the doctor and Mrs. Montgomery admit that everyone is selfish. But the doctor proceeds to admit that he does not hide it well (one assumes the doctor does a much better job hiding his selfishness), and Dr. Sloper then admits to looking past Morris as a person: "You see I am helped by a habit I have of dividing people into classes, into types. I may easily be mistaken about your brother as an individual, but his type is written on his whole person" (James 87). This admission shows that Dr. Sloper's sense of Morris Townsend's character is biased and prejudice. Therefore there is no dichotomy in Dr. Sloper, and the novel does prove to be morally simple. Works Cited Hall, Donald. Afterword. Washington Square. By Henry James. New York: Penguin, 1979. James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Penguin, 1979.

Bonus Reflection Paper on the Kawakami Paper

Bonus Reflection Paper on the Kawakami Paper and Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Study Ella Price In Kerry Kawakami’s paper â€Å"Mispredicting Affective and Behavioural Response to Racism† the paradox of remarking upon how strongly overt prejudice is condemned within modern society and the acts of why blatant racism still frequency occurs were scientifically examined (Kawakami, K. , Dunn, E. , Karmali, F. , & Dovidio, F, D. , 2009).The results of this study were truly astonishing, yet frightening as the differences between predicted responses and actual responses to racist behaviour was investigated. Given either two settings of a private or public environment, groups of non- black participants were used to basically illustrate the average racism theory, which states that individuals today who embrace egalitarian beliefs may continue to harbour nonconscious negative feelings towards outgroups, in this case, blacks (Kawakami et al. , 2009).Groups were given a scenari o to predict or literally physically show how they would feel and behave and how they actually feel and behave upon hearing a racist comment. Participants in the role of the forecaster had time to recognize the social demands dictated by widespread egalitarian norm, and therefore responded in ways they believed were socially acceptable rather than according to their true inclinations (Kawakami et al. , 2009). On the contrary, actual responses were perceived to be based on spontaneous more unconscious attitudes.As a result, Kawakami concluded that despite current egalitarian cultural norms, one reason why reason and discrimination remain so prevalent in society may be that when people are literally within a scenario of overt racist acts, they do not respond in the way they anticipated in terms of egalitarian norms, which promotes prejudice and racism to continue (Kawakami et al. , 2009). This study was very interesting and reflective of bizarre yet sickening modern social drawbacks. This study draws a parallel to Stanley Milgram’s Obedience study to authority figures.It was a series of social psychology experiments which measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure of the experimenter who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal egalitarian conscience (Cherry, 2010). These experiments commenced subsequently after World War II, when people had a difficult time trying to understand how a whole country can come together in such an atrocious fashion. Milgram asked himself, â€Å"Was there a mutual sense of morality among those involved? † (Cherry, 2010).Milgram's testing suggested that it could have been that the millions of accomplices were merely following orders, despite violating their deepest moral beliefs (Cherry, 2010). How violent can a person choose to be under the influence of an authority figure or in Kawakawi’s study, despite the social demands of egalitarian cultural norms, w hen and how much will people choose to slack in their response to overt acts of racism, whether it is because of feelings of guilt, embarrassment or genuine racism(Kawakami et al. , 2009).The majority of today’s prejudice studies branched off from after WWII, to explore the human psyche and to understand and prevent racism, prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination from taking such a deep fierce hold on society (Cherry, 2010). Initially, the first minority of studies that forked off from this era, began to point fingering directly at Germans, labelling them as inherently evil people, prone to racism, discrimination and prejudice, but as the field of social psychology and prejudice research progressed we began to better understand an individual’s psych for better and for worst (Cherry, 2010).Psychologist has discovered the dilemma of the human mind and its unstable frightening truth: We are not as nice as we would like to anticipate. In Stanley Milgram’s experim ent on obedience people would act in response to an authority figure, the experimenter, who would ask them to do something which seemed inherently immoral (Cherry, 2010). Despondently, it was discovered that the powers of obedience by an authoritarian often ensnared, restrained and imprisoned common sense and humanity.Similarly the study conducted by Kawakami, tell us that although we would like to believe that when someone did something wrong we would stand up for justice and morality but unfortunately, those who do stand up appear to be the statistical inconsistencies (Kawakami et al. , 2009). References Kawakami, K. , Dunn, E. , Karmali, F. , & Dovidio, F, D. (2009). Mispredicting affective and behavioural responses to racism. Journal of Science, 323, 276-278. Cherry, K. (2010). The Milgram Obedience Experiment: The Perils of Obedience. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from http://psychology. about. com/od/historyofpsychology /a/milgram. htm

Importance Of Primary Education For Childern Analysis Education Essay

Primary instruction is the basic and first right of every child.Its handiness and proviso is non merely the duty of province but parents and families. Primary instruction brings consciousness among the multitudes, opens avenues for chances every bit good self-advancement and betterment and reduces chronic and inter-generational poorness. As a first measure in the creative activity of public assistance and merely society, cosmopolitan primary instruction is an absolute pre-requisite for sustainable development. Every individual kid that means misss every bit good as male childs should be able to finish full class of primary instruction. In order to vie with the environing universe, kids are prepared from really early childhood. Equally early as four or five old ages, the kids grew up in the place, where they seek advice about how household life, and how to interact with people in general pretence. But life and the competition and the whole universe, life and excel in the upcoming one in ulterior life. General instruction in assorted subjects is indispensable to supply each of which is primary instruction for kids. Primary instruction is mandatory for pupils on life, where all the related subjects the basic cognition and necessary, which may include numeration, word formation and apprehension of general moralss, norms and criterions of cognition around. Primary instruction is normally started earlier, in some states, such as baby's room categories in other counties is the first measure the chief baby's room. All kids to instruction, the usage of this very petroleum and professional life around the universe, they have to cover with in ulterior life information. This is in all states, all of the plans and classs to take compulsory position and kids with linguistic communication, art, scientific discipline, mathematics and other facets of life, particularly the basic cognition of faith, introduced mandatory instruction. Primary instruction normally ends at ten old ages old as 5th class pupils through their tests. Started within this period of clip, so that all pupils in the community to work as a category and how to cover with and obey the general apprehension in society. Other than this subject is the most of import facet is secondary in these initial experiences to beef up vocational instruction in the former watercourse. Yet basic instruction in hapless states like Pakistan is in crisis. 67 % of kids ( aged between6-10 ) go to school ( 72 % male and 62 % female ) 57 % literacy rate ( 69 % male and 45 % female ) Thousands of new trained instructors are needed today to supply childern with a nice instruction There are so many grounds for kids to lose school, but poorness is the chief 1. Parents can non afford school fees, uniforms and books sum. Most of communities may non hold adequate resources to run a school.In most of rural countries, schools are at long distances which make kids to avoid them and particularly it makes impossible for misss. The account for misss ‘ exclusion is n't simple. In different cultural values boys get precedence when it comes to instruction. Girls are kept place to assist with child care and family working.They do non bask the same freedom of motion as male childs. It is of import for the Government of Pakistan to do excess attempt by running more plans and educational prioritized policies to accomplish Millennium Educational Development Goals set under the declaration signed in 2000. This subject is chosen to pull attending of every person to endeavor together for the development of simple instruction which can be guided by the analytical model provided in claiming the Millennium-Development-Goals. The survey will enable us to happen impact of different factors set uping the accomplishment of Millennium-Development-Goals for instruction. It besides includes plans and policies used to accomplish the spreads and achieve maximal achievement of ends. To reason, it will foreground the jobs associating to this issue and giving solutions to them. 1.2 Importance of research rubric: The end of accomplishing cosmopolitan primary instruction is particularly of import because educational attainment has been noted as a cardinal facet to overall economic growing ( Gupta et. al. , 2002 ) . To mensurate advancement towards this end, the United Nations has chosen three indexs of primary cosmopolitan instruction: Universal Literacy, Universal Primary Enrollment and Universal Primary Education Completion. Additionally, the United Nations has called for Gender Parity, or the equal representation of males and females, in primary instruction as a portion of a separate end meant to advance gender equality and empower adult females. As the deadline for finishing the MDGs has been set for 2015, developing states must set up the most efficient ways to accomplish these ends with the limited resources available. The primary aim of this subject is to reexamine the extent to which-and how-educational developments are reflected in national MDGs-based development schemes and policies in Pakistan, in order to place critical spreads and challenges, and to see what can be learned from these experiences to do betterments in accomplishing ends. The subject, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . 1.3 Brief reappraisal of position of instruction in Pakistan since its birth: Since the birth of Pakistan, in last 63 old ages different comprehensive paperss and policies at national degree on restructuring and betterment of instruction system were produced in different old ages 1959, 1972, 1979 and 1992. Yet, the limited economic resources, hapless grasp of instruction precedences, unequal committedness, and improper execution of Torahs and deficiency of response from the people ne'er allowed the coveted transmutation to take topographic point. In 1998, the so authorities, made an understanding to this basic duty, by denoting the policy on 27th March 1998. The National Education Policy 1998 was formulated to transform the Pakistani state into an educated, cultured, integrated, cohesive entity that can vie and stand up to future challenges. The two of the chief aims that were set under this policy were to universalise primary instruction for the kids, young person and grownups by the twelvemonth 2010 through non-formal attack and to achieve cosmopolitan literacy rate. In September 2000, at the United Nations HQ in New York City, merely after two and half old ages of national instruction policy for Pakistan was devised, 189 states from across the universe signed the Millennium Declaration to accomplish minimal criterion of quality of life. Pakistan was besides one of them. Eight Millennium-Development-Goals were agreed to accomplish the aims of the Declaration by 2015 and get down a new epoch of peace and equality. The first specific end set under MDGs was to cut down utmost poorness and hungriness, second was to accomplish cosmopolitan primary instruction, 3rd to advance gender equity and empower adult females, 4th to cut down kid mortality, fifth to better maternal wellness, sixth to battle HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases, seventh to guarantee environmental sustainability and eight to develop a planetary partnership for development. Primary educational development is the 2nd end to accomplish after eliminating hungriness and poorness. To put the universe on a new class of patterned advance, rich and hapless state, old and new, had signed a declaration. The human race had ne'er done much corporate attempt and possible to make good earlier in history. Declarations can be signed but merely as easy forgotten. In todays life of international political relations due to planetary economic and societal unstability, precedences change fast and committednesss are delayed. As a state, it is our duty to fall in together and to contend against this planetary war. It can be our coevals that eliminates illiteracy and make a universe for every adult male. It can be our coevals who can supply a way of success and bright hereafter for the following coevalss. Governments are answerable to the people they govern and it ‘s those people, you and me, who have the ability to do certain they keep their committednesss. So far the current rate of advancement for Millennium development ends to be fulfilled by 2015 is difficult.If we want to, we can do a difference by fall ining with each other to do our voice count. Our ballot counts and so does our voice. So Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s do our difference to the state today and do illiteracy history. These are the several grounds which hinder the accomplishment of MDGs for instruction will be focused but other of import variables will non be ignored. All these elements have been identified in this research paper and are given in item. Though Pakistan has run through a political convulsion every bit good as natural catastrophe like temblors of 2004-5 and inundations of 2009 has atrocious and atrocious after effects on the economic system every bit good as societal substructure of Pakistan. Yet we as a state should non give up and go on to our best to accomplish these MDGs. 1.4 Importance of subject for Academic governments: The research paper has its graduated table and importance. It has a really broad range and its graduated table of importance is besides huge. The subject has its importance globally as this job is non the job of one state but it is a planetary issue and has a planetary position. A batch of work has been done in this respects but still there is a demand to trap indicate the jobs until no proper action is being taken. This research investigates the accomplishment for educational MDGs in Pakistan, placing the jobs, issues and hinderances in non accomplishing the coveted ends and proposing some recommendations to accomplish the targeted ends. This paper, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . Ministry of instruction has gained importance and is playing a really fruitful and ruling work in the society. Students and instructors are making research on such subjects ; it will assist them understand good the job. 1.5 Cardinal Definitions: The definitions of of import nomenclatures or words are as follow:FootingsGlossary/Operational DefinitionEducationThe act or procedure of educating ; the consequence of educating, as determined by the cognition accomplishment, or subject of character, acquired ; besides, the act or procedure of preparation by a prescribed or customary class of survey or subject. ( www.brainyquote.com/words/ed/education158399.html )Primary instructionIt is most frequently referred to as simple instruction, which is normally composed of classs one through six. The chief intent of primary instruction is to give kids a strong foundation in the rudimentss of a general course of study, with an accent on reading and math. ( www.ehow.com †º Education †º K-12 †º K-12 Basics ) 1.6 Study aim: This survey attempts to reexamine and analyze the state ‘s specific policies, plans, bing commissariats and schemes which have been adopted to accomplish the millenary development end to guarantee that by2015 every individual male child and miss will be able to finish full class of primary schooling. Furthermore, the survey besides suggests some recommendations and looks at the different factors that have an impact in accomplishment of these ends. To analyze the impact of the Net primary registration ratio ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the completion / endurance rate grade 1 to 5 ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the GPI ( Gender para index ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the consequence of the Public outgo as % of gross domestic product on instruction on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the Pupil-teacher ratio on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that Poverty rate has significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of Non formal instruction ( deeni madrasas ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the insignificant/significant impact of population aged ( 0-14 ) ( % of entire ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that primary instruction instructors ( % of females ) has a significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of low weight babes on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of figure of primary schools on literacy rate spread.

Human resource planning (HRP)

Human resource planning (HRP) Abstract Today, chief executive officers (CEOs) refer to their workforce (or human capital) as their organizations’ chief asset. This statement underpins the importance of the concept of human resource in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human resource planning (HRP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resource planning (HRP) enables an organization to better realize its goals by ensuring that it makes efficient and effective use of its human capital. Todays workforce is characteristically ambitious and hence, volatile. Rosenberg (n.d.) reiterates that employees switch careers an approximated three times in their working life. Even with this change in the nature of the workforce employer, employee and customer demands and expectations remain the same. In addition to these, organizations are competing immensely for high quality talent and are at the same time investing heavily in acquiring and retaining it as these is crucial in meeting business objectives and goals. Thus, HR managers have an additional task, which is HRP that is instrumental in dealing with the element of uncertainty as it pertains to an employees future. From an organizations point of view a translation of HRP is making good use of an employee while he/she is in the organization’s hands. Yan et al (2009) reiterates that an organizations workforce (or human capital) is a valuable asset. A robust human capital is a critical success factor in ensuring that the expectations of customers are met, which is the key to positive financial performance. Realizing such a robust human capital requires a sound and strategic HR policy, which ensures that an organization recruits the best expertise available and makes the best use of it for as long as it can. Forecasting an organizations current and future financial needs and HRP are core units of such an HR policy.Advertising Looking for essay on busine ss economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HRP is according to Dessler (2001, p. 24) the process of â€Å"anticipating future demand for staff, allocating different kinds of staff within organisations, and developing systems for calculating human resource requirements based on accurate records and forecasting techniques†. What HRP does is that it facilitates the effective use of an organizations human capital. It does this by ensuring that the right personnel are working at the right place and at the right moment. Forecasting an organization’s current and future HR needs involves using either a quantitative approach or a qualitative one. The quantitative approach to forecasting an organization HR needs involves numerical quantification of employees by use of statistical and mathematical procedures. By grouping the resultant numerical entities into applicable groups it is possible to determine HR excesses, d eficits and inconsistencies. Examples of applicable groups include age, pay, gender, qualifications and performance rating. HR managers co-work with statistical and mathematical experts to ensure that there is accurate quantitative forecasting. The qualitative approach to forecasting an organizations HR needs involves consultations with experts. The opinions of the expert drawn from the consultations enlighten the organization on what its HR needs are, specifically, staffing requirements and career development paths to pursue. The expert bases his/her opinions on evaluations on employee performance and potential for promotion. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative forecasting approaches reveals that the latter is more popular as it is cost and time saving. There are a number of factors that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP. According to Stone (2008) one these factors is women in the workforce. Todays workforce contains an increasing number of women. An inc entive that is greatly contributing to this increase is the use of mother-friendly alternative working arrangements in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human resource planning (HRP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, employers are providing mothers with flexible work arrangements, special parental leaves, job sharing arrangements, childcare facilities within the organizations premises, telecommuting work arrangements etc. From 1982 to 2005 Australia has seen a rise of 18.7% in the number of females in employment who are between the ages of 18 and 64 years (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). In addition to this, from 1989 to 2004 Australia has also seen a rise of 6% in the number of working mothers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). HR managers when doing HRP should be aware of the fact that the number of women in the workforce is on a rise and should therefore put in place mechan isms that attract and retain them. To illustrate the above point lets take the example of Diane Gibney. Diane returns to work at her former employers veterinary clinic after giving birth to her first child. Due to post antenatal commitments she asks her former employer for an alternative working arrangement, namely, flextime which would allow her to work at given times of the day. The employer refuses to offer her such a working arrangement. Following the employers refusal Diane quits her job and with another partner opens their own veterinary clinic. The 14 staff members in Dianes new clinic are all female. She is sensitive to antenatal commitments and accords her employees flexible working arrangements so that they are able to attend to them. This example underpins the appreciation that employers should give to mother-friendly HR policies. Another example is that of Caroline Coops. Carolines has a strong commitment and a high motivation to work for her current employer. The reason for this is that the employer accommodates flexible working arrangements that particularly enable and empower mothers to attend to their antenatal commitments. Though Caroline is not a mother yet, this provision by her employer has had a profound effect on her. It gives her piece of mind knowing that when such commitments arise she is able to adjust a working schedule so that she can better attend to her family needs. This example shows that family-friendly HR policies attract women into employment and are instrumental in retaining them in the organizations workforce. Employee retention is critical in meeting business objectives as the direct and indirect costs employers incur to employee turnover are phenomenal. Direct costs are those that an employer incurs when replacing the individual who has made the turn over. Indirect costs are those that the employer incurs because of reduced productivity. Attracting high quality talent to an organization is also critical in meeting busines s objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flexible working arrangements that are family-friendly enable organizations to attract and retain such talent as shown from the two examples above. In other words, such working arrangements enable employers to combat employee turnover and at the same time attract high quality talent to the organization. They are a critical business success factors with todays workforce that contains an increasing number of women and particularly mothers. According to Stone (2008) another factor for HR managers to consider when doing HRP is globalization. Dessler (2001) describes globalization simply as the venturing of businesses into new international markets. Advances in information technology have been and continue to be instrumental in globalization. Soon the world will be a global village with ecological and socio-political systems that are dependent on each other. An advantage of globalization is that employers have a bigger market in which they can shop for individuals with the right levels o f skill, experience and knowledge. An outright disadvantage of globalization is that it supports or encourages brain drain. Organizations that are global employers via globalization should manage their multiracial and culturally diverse workforce in such a way that conflicts between employees are at a minimal. To illustrate that globalization is a factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP we take the example of an American firm which invested in England. The firm bought a textile machinery company near Birmingham. To boost productivity the American manager of the textile machinery company set about on cutting the time lost on tea breaks, which amounted to thirty minutes in a day per employee. Culturally, having tea in such a manner is not a big issue to Americans but it is to the English. So, by the direction and instruction of the American manager a tea-maker machine was installed in the company. An infuriated workforce went on a riot demanding the removal of the tea-maker machine. The American manager had to comply with the demands of his English workforce. According to Stone (2008) another factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP is ageing population. The current situation in most economies of the world is a workforce with, first, less people entering it and second, an ageing and near retirement population. This is an impending crisis for employers. Soon, there will be a lack of both skilled and experienced labour. At the moment, individuals nearing retirement are the ones fuelling a huge portion of workforce growth. This means that when this ageing population retires workforce growth will almost stagnate causing a huge problem to employers. Additionally, mature age workers tend to be more loyal and productive in comparison to their younger counterparts. It is therefore imperative that HR managers start figuring out how they can retain their organizations mature workers. To illustrate that ageing population is a factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP we consider the case of Peter Jordan. Peter Jordan is a business consultant. He is of the opinion that HR managers should redirect their employee retention efforts towards keeping mature workers (Porter, 2008). Jordan cites this as being crucial in averting or mitigating the effects of an imminent staff and knowledge shortfall that is about to hit in the very near future (Porter, 2008). Jordan additionally points out that there is more justification for this strategy when you consider employee loyalty between the mature and young age workforce (Porter, 2008). Jordan opines that there is more employee loyalty in mature age workforce than in the young age workforce (Porter, 2008). Craig Perret feels the same way as Jordans pointing out that, HR managers should develop policies that encourage the mature age workforce to remain at work (Porter, 2008). Other factors on top of these three that HR managers should consider when undertak ing HRP are employment, organizational structure and culture, outsourcing and technological changes in society. HR managers should take a keen interest on the rate of employment in their countries. Organizational structure and culture are instrumental in lifting employee morale and commitment to an organization. Technological changes in society can eliminate the need for certain employees in an organization thus bringing in cost cutting benefits. Outsourcing is a means for increasing capacity in organizations so that customer demand is met. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010b). Women’s income. Web. Dessler, G. (2001). Human Resource Management (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Porter, L. (2008). Boomers can keep sea change at bay. The Age, p. 23. Web. Rosenberg McKay, D. (n.d.). How often to people change careers? About.com: Career Planning. Web. Stone, R. J. (2008). Human Resource Management (6th ed.). Milton, Qld, Australia: Wiley. Yan, A., Rao, Y., Liao, C. Gao, C. (2009). Competency identification of sales staff in the agricultural seed industry: Evidence of seed firms in China. doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.4.513

Life on Earth During the Precambrian Time Span

Life on Earth During the Precambrian Time Span The Precambrian Time Span is the earliest time period on the Geologic Time Scale. It stretches from the formation of the earth 4.6 billion years ago to around 600 million years ago and encompasses many Eons and Eras leading up to the Cambrian Period in the current Eon. Beginning of Earth The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago in a violent explosion of energy and dust according to the rock record from Earth and other planets. For about a billion years, the earth was a barren place of volcanic action and a less than suitable atmosphere for most types of life. It wasnt until about 3.5 billion years ago that it is thought that the first signs of life formed. The Beginning of Life on Earth The exact way life began on Earth during the Precambrian Time is still debated in the scientific community. Some theories that have been posed over the years include the Panspermia Theory, Hydrothermal Vent Theory, and Primordial Soup. It is known, however, there was not much diversity in organism type or complexity during this extremely long period of Earths existence. Most of the life that existed during the Precambrian Time span were prokaryotic single-celled organisms. There is actually a pretty rich history of bacteria and related unicellular organisms within the fossil record. In fact, it is now thought that the first types of unicellular organisms were extremophiles in the Archaean domain. The oldest trace of these that have been found so far is around 3.5 billion years old. These earliest forms of life resembled cyanobacteria. They were photosynthetic blue-green algae that thrived in the extremely hot, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. These trace fossils were found on the Western Australia coast. Other, similar fossils have been found all over the world. Their ages span about two billion years. With so many photosynthetic organisms populating the earth, it was only a matter of time before the atmosphere started to accumulate higher levels of oxygen since oxygen gas is a waste product of photosynthesis. Once the atmosphere had more oxygen, many new species evolved that could use oxygen to create energy. More Complexity Appears The first traces of eukaryotic cells showed up about 2.1 billion years ago according to the fossil record. These seem to be single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lacked the complexity we see in most of todays eukaryotes. It took about another billion years before the more complex eukaryotes evolved, probably through endosymbiosis of prokaryotic organisms. The more complex eukaryotic organisms began living in colonies and creating stromatolites. From these colonial structures most likely came multicellular eukaryotic organisms. The first sexually reproducing organism evolved around 1.2 billion years ago. Evolution Speeds Up Towards the end of the Precambrian Time period, much more diversity evolved. The earth was undergoing somewhat rapid climate changes, going from completely frozen over to mild to tropical and back to freezing. The species that were able to adapt to these wild fluctuations in climate survived and flourished. The first protozoa appeared followed closely by worms. Soon after, arthropods, mollusks, and fungi showed up in the fossil record. The end of the Precambrian Time saw much more complex organisms like jellyfish, sponges, and organisms with shells come into existence. The end of the Precambrian Time period came at the beginning of the Cambrian Period of the Phanerozoic Eon and Paleozoic Era. This time of great biological diversity and rapid increase in organism complexity is known as the Cambrian Explosion. The end of the Precambrian Time marked the start of the more quickly progressing evolution of species over Geologic Time.

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies Essay

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is a common factor that every company faces at every level of operation. In order to strengthen competitive power, motor companies and auto-related products tend to employ unique technologies that can enable them to survive in the market. Some have also relied upon their specific governments to protect them from competition caused by new entrants. The Hyundai motor company is one of the companies that face competition from other auto manufacturers. Hankook is also an example of a universally known company dealing with auto-related products like tires and spare parts. Hyundai Motor Company came into existence in 1968. Upon its establishment, the company merged with Ford Motor Company with the aim of filtering technology for building ships. Upon parting ways with Ford motor company, Hyundai Motors collaborated with the Mitsubishi motor company of Japan that helped in the manufacture of Pony, the first small passenger car with an engine power of 1500cc. In the reports of Lansbury, the success of the Pony model in the markets of Korea lifted the position of Hyundai Motor Company to the best position among other motor manufacturers in Korea. The impressive performance of Pony in the market motivated further innovation that led to the manufacture of Pony II version in 1973. Good features associated with the Pony model enabled Hyundai to penetrate the Canadian market, where it made high sales. With the continued partnership of Mitsubishi and Hyundai, Hyundai produced other stellar, a new model with the brand name of engine power 1597cc in 1982. In 1985, Hyundai Motors released the Sonata model with an engine power of 2000cc and later in 1990 the company produced Elantra model that had an engine power of 1800cc. According to Lansbury, the impressive features of the excel model enabled Hyundai motors to penetrate and market its cars in America by 1986. The performance of Excel in the America n market made Hyundai Motors to clinch position three among the best performing foreign companies in America. The partnership between Hyundai motors and Mitsubishi Motors provided Hyundai with the more technological know-how that assisted Hyundai to increase the rate and volume of production thus keeping the company top of other car manufacturers in Korea. In the view of Lansbury, the association with Mitsubishi enabled Hyundai motors to gather managerial skills that helped in boosting production volumes.

Classical Management Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical Management Theory - Essay Example sion of labor, order, span of control, authority and responsibility, discipline, remuneration of personnel, equity, tenure stability, subordination of individual interests over general interests, initiative and Espirit de Corps (Anapkumar 2005). Some elements of the Fayol’s theory continue to have a positive impact on the culture of a functional unit. Although the theory does not include communication as one of its element, it is implicit that both vertical and horizontal communications are considered vital to the performance of the elements of this theory. The power structure advocated for by the theory espouses optimal functionality with managers holding authority over and responsibility to employees and the later submitting to the rules and orders (Miner 2006). Rewarding of employees within the organization through application of monetary rewards and job security boosts their work morale. The theorys insistence on human resource continues to play a crucial part in businesses successes worldwide by focusing on employees’ development. It views personnel as the essence of an organization but is attributed to the the growth of public administration. (Miner 2006) The theory is plagued by numerous weaknesses in dynamic market place which does not strictly adhere to the tenets of management as proposed by Fayol . Its insistence on excessive hierarchy, rigid compliance to rules, promotion on seniority and over developed specialization cannot work in todays market place unless it is made flexible. If not, it might be a precursor to bureau morbid behavior. A consequence of this will be bloated companies and proliferation of rules which will make it harder for companies to cope with the dynamic market place. The theorys treatment of employees as economic, irrational, passive and inert beings who are a product of the means of production capable of being only motivated by means of money works against the functional in todays businesses. (Alajloni et al 2010) It fails