Essay on Communication in Romantic Relationships - 1114 Words

Friendships and romantic relationships makes our lives go round. Without them our lives would be dull and lonely. Unlike family members, we are allowed to choose our friends and lovers. There are various levels of friendships and diverse forms of romantic relationships, and they can all lead to being close, intimate, and loving. Both friendships and romances considerably enrich the well-being of our physical and mental state. Friendships can lead to romantic relationships, and romantic relationships can lead to just being friends. Unrequited romantic interest occurs when one person attempts to redefine a friendship as a romantic relationship, but the other partner rejects that attempt. It is a person’s desire for a more intimate,†¦show more content†¦Affinity-seeking strategies are strategies we use to increase others’ liking of us. â€Å"First, it is a strategic activity, that is, the individual is actively engaged in the manipulation of certain social behavi ors with intended outcomes. Second, individuals possess a repertoire of strategies that are at their disposal, and these strategies are available to the agent at any point in time.† (Flint, 1992) Communicating your attraction to someone increases the probability that your partner will reciprocate, which enriches their attraction to the other person. Simple gestures could increase chances of establishing a deeper relationship. There are also direct and indirect strategies to get an idea of another person’s feelings. Direct strategies would be verbal cues. Verbal cues would include using more informal and personal language and the increase of â€Å"you and I† and â€Å"we.† Indirect strategies would be nonverbal imminence. Indirect strategies could be sitting closer to someone, making more eye contact, increasing touching, leaning forward, and smiling more. Verbal and nonverbal communication can increase chances of establishing a relationship. These types of behaviors could also show that the other person values the other person, their ideas, and their thoughts. My boyfriend and I have had a year and a half filled with ups, downs, certainty, and mixed feelings. We metShow MoreRelatedHow Does Communication Affect Relationships? Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is one of the most important aspects in romantic relationships and different communication styles can affect relationships differently. Relationships can be both positively and negatively affected depending on the level of communication between the partners. This literature review will first define romantic relationships and explore what exactly happens in the development of these relationships. From the research found, individual’s age or sex did not necessarily affect the differencesRead MoreRelationship Between A Parent And Child1653 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant other. For many, a romantic relationship is the most important element in their lives. 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Weaknesses, strengths and differencesRead MoreCommunication At Close Relationships : Friends, Family, And Partner1035 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication in Close Relationships: Friends, Family, and Close Partners Austin Waite Interpersonal Communication Instructor: Kristine Clancy December 7, 2015  Communication in Close Relationships: Friends, Family, and Close Partners Introduction: Communication, a connection between people or places, is important in any relationship, whether it be with a teacher about homework, or your parents about school. â€Å"Most people have never learned how to communicate.   Without this skill, a person isRead MoreThe Divorce And Its Effects On The Institution And Commitment Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy relationships, there are several those are not. What is the cause of the progressing down in the institution and commitment? The desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens, in marriage and developing romantic relationships? Researchers are explaining that answer is very simple†¦. Communication. Communication scholar Mark Knapp and social psychologist and martial therapist John Gottam have turned to studying couples through all stages of their relationship, whether

The Grand Scheme Of Physicalism Vs. Dualism - 1341 Words

The only thing Near Death Experiences, or NDEs, are proof of is how much we don’t know. We don’t know how they happen, we don’t know why they happen, and we don’t know how to find out. But just because we don’t know something, or can’t explain it, doesn’t mean it’s unexplainable or that we should give up. In the grand scheme of Physicalism vs. Dualism, NDEs†¦ don’t really prove anything. They don’t make Dualism ‘more likely’, because Dualism can’t even explain how our body then functions normally, let alone what is happening during an NDE. How then, can we say that this is a good explanation at all? There comes a point, just like with Geocentrism, that the amount of retcons, convoluted explanations, and details that just refuse to be†¦show more content†¦Science readily admits to being a process of learning, and some fields, such as neuroscience, is really only getting started. Set ting that point aside for a moment, there’s also a question of just how reliable this ‘verification’ is. When a person just wakes from a dream and begins trying to explain something they saw while supposedly asleep, it’s often disjointed and confused. There’s often a period of disorientation while a person is fully waking up. They’re not fully ‘up and running’. If we would have problems completely believing what they would say while still waking up from ‘mild unconsciousness’, why would we place more weight on someone coming back from basically being dead? Furthermore, what if an NDE is like a dream in that it actually happens as a person is ‘waking up’? A dream that feels like it spans a few days can only have happened over the course of that night, and generally it only lasts during some small part where the person is waking up from that deeper, restful sleep. A dream’s events, then, do not occu r when it feels like they did. Do NDEs? Can we even prove whether they do or don’t? These issues demonstrate just how questionable it is that an NDE can really prove dualism as the ‘correct’ way of thinking about things, or that an NDE can really prove anything at all. It doesn’t really matter how ‘good’ an argument looks if you can’t prove that any of the points being used are applicable. One common, and powerful,

Internationalization Innovation and Entrepreneurship Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Internationalization Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to provide an understanding of the innovation and entrepreneurship in management. Moreover, the report analyses the importance of the innovation and entrepreneurship for the business as well as the business practices of Harvey Norman. In addition to this, the report describes the effectiveness, improvement in the quality and outcomes of the company that will be helpful for the innovation in the entrepreneurship. Along with this, the report focuses on the application and utilization of the innovation business strategy for the setting of the business of Harvey Norman. In a business, entrepreneurs made various changes to take various opportunities in the different services and business with the help of innovation management. Along with this, there is a high level of overlap between the entrepreneurship and innovation. The term of innovation in the business can be considered as the incremental and radical. Radical innovation refers to the discontinuous, original, pioneering, path-breaking and many more (Brem, 2011). On the other hand, incremental innovation refers to the small improvement within the business that can increase the business process, service and products. In addition to this, entrepreneurship refers to the fields that study the activities, characteristics, the economic and social effect on the behavior of the employees. Along with this, Innovation encompasses the process of the business by which firms become masters and get into the product design as well as the process of manufacturing that is new to the company. The innovation within the organization requires three basic components i.e. entrepreneurship capacity, infrastructure, and capital that required by the organization if the company needs commercial success (Crumpton, 2012). Along with this, the economy of the country is survived because the leaders of the industry will able to change their system as per the needs of customers as well society. Innovation and Entrepreneurship produce a financial gain in the business to keep the economy and organization profitable. Importance of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Innovation plays an important role in the Entrepreneurship in the highly competitive world. The term innovation is a key for the long life of the business. There are some factors that have been followed by Harvey Norman for the innovation and entrepreneurship, which can be described as below- The company matches their employee with the problem-solving approaches and experience that will help to increase the thinking process of the employees to handle the situation more innovatively (Drucker, 2014). Harvey Norman gives their employee various task and certain problem and has to solve the particular problem in numerous ways. In addition to this, it is important for the company to make their employees be challenged a little bit more in every day. Innovation in the organization is important to find a healthy balance with the income and expenditure in the organization. The employees of Harvey Norman are more innovative in the business when they will do work with the method, which they would like to use in the organization. In the company, if the method of working is difficult for the employee than it can contain the innovativeness. In this situation, if the company allows the employee to task differently than negatively of the product can be avoided (Franz et al., 2011). On the other hand, for the innovative progress in the entrepreneurship, it is effective to take breaks by the employeefrom the various projects, and problem-solving approach because when the break is taken than the mind of the employee should regroup and innovative ideas can strike up again in the mind. Diversity within the employees allows them for a creative mind to solve the problems. It is important for the employee of Harvey Norman to listen to the various approaches to build innovative thinking process (Onetti et al., 2012). Diversity of the employees can help the Harvey Norman and their employees to reach the future innovative capacity. Harvey Norman provides a safe environment in the business by which an employee feels safe in the environment that will help them to introduce more creative ideas. The employee should encourage the managers and co-workers that will make the employee feel happy and safe (Szirmai et al., 2011). It is helpful for the employees of Harvey Norman that they can think freely and innovative without any judgment. Innovative in an entrepreneur is going along with the encouragement. There are various teams in Harvey Norman that should work creativity and it also allows other to discuss their ideas with the multiple people in the business (Tidd and Bessant, 2014). In addition to this, organization support in the innovative business will helpful in the business practices that will also increase the level of confidence of employee. Improve effectiveness, quality, and outcomes of Harvey Norman by Innovation and entrepreneurship Innovation and entrepreneurship are known as a key building block within the dynamic and competitive economics. Countries and regions with the more vibrant innovation and entrepreneur system will tend to increase the productivity rates and also lead to increase economic growth. Harvey Norman innovation is known as key drivers for the overall growth that will increase wages and employment in the organization. Innovation and entrepreneurship are important in Harvey Norman to address various challenges i.e. shared prosperity, inclusion, and sustainability. It will increase the productivity and dynamism within the business of Harvey Norman (Priem et al., 2012). Along with this, innovation within the company significantly contributes to the employment growth and also increases the productivity and competitiveness with the help of introducing more innovative products and service. Overall effectiveness, quality, and outcomes of Harvey Norman depend on the various internal and external factor and effect on the factor at the every stage development of the enterprise. Internal factors include the capabilities of the entrepreneur as well as the capacity of the firm for innovation. Along with this, innovation is helpful for the healthy success of the organization (Trimi and Berbegal-Mirabent, 2012). The innovation system within Harvey Norman has been made with the help of development institution, human capital, financial capital, legal and regulatory environment, innovative culture and many more. The innovative new ideas play a crucial role in the business that will helpful to improve the process, product, and service within the market. The application of innovative techniques within Harvey Norman will able to improve its efficiency, and most importantly it will increase the profitability level of the business (Audretsch et al., 2011). For the application and use of innovation within the business of Harvey Norman, the company should analysis the marketplace by which the business move forward and also understand the values that can be added to the customers of its organization. The company should identify opportunities for the innovation in that is adopting for the product and services because the marketplace is continually changing (Audretsch and Link, 2012). In addition to this, the company should introduce new technology and working practices that will consistent for the more innovative and quality product. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that innovation and entrepreneurship essential for the successful in the sustainable business practices. The report provided an overview of the innovation and entrepreneurship as it is related to the sustainable practice of the business. it is analyzed that innovation and entrepreneurship is a mindset that is helpful to take a particular approach for doing things. The organization was able to improve the efficiency and profitability with the help of proper use and application of innovation and entrepreneurship. In addition to this, innovation and entrepreneurship have been considered as a key building block for the dynamic and competitive economics. Moreover, innovation and entrepreneurship were important for Harvey Norman to address various challenges such as shared prosperity, inclusion, and sustainability. As per the above analysis, it is identified that innovation and entrepreneurship is responsible for the rapid growth of the industry with the help of convergence of technology. Innovation is important for the systematic abandonment of the social policies within the business. Recommendation From the above discussion, it can be recommended that Harvey Norman should focus on the innovation and entrepreneurship to enhance the business practices. In addition to this, innovation and entrepreneurship program operates unique basis by the firm as well as the individual that will provide a range of support to the clients of the organization. Along with this, the organization should identify their current performance, growth opportunities as well as innovative entrepreneurship that will helpful to access the technology and management. In addition to this, the report recommended that the company should design the target solution that will helpful to promote overall productivity and growth of the business. Moreover, Harvey Norman should design the strong policy and also governance the effectiveness of the policy. The organization should engage globally with the key stakeholders that will helpful to improve the outcomes in the environment. Reference Audretsch, D. B., and Link, A. N. (2012). Entrepreneurship and innovation: public policy frameworks, The Journal of Technology Transfer, 37(1), 1-17. Audretsch, D. B., Falck, O., and Heblich, S. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of research on innovation and entrepreneurship. US: Edward Elgar Publishing. Brem, A. (2011). Linking innovation and entrepreneurshipliterature overview and introduction of a process-oriented framework, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 14(1), 6-35. Crumpton, M. A. (2012). Innovation and entrepreneurship, The Bottom Line, 25(3), 98-101. Drucker, P. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship. UK: Routledge Franz, H. W., Hochgerner, J., and Howaldt, J. (Eds.). (2012). Challenge social innovation: potentials for business, social entrepreneurship, welfare and civil society. Germany: Springer Science Business Media Galindo, M. ., and Mndez, M. T. (2014). Entrepreneurship, economic growth, and innovation: Are feedback effects at work?, Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 825-829. McLuskie, P., and McLuskie, P. (2017). Innovation and Entrepreneurship, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 23(1), 159-162. Nathan, M., and Lee, N. (2013). Cultural Diversity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship: Firm?level Evidence from London, Economic Geography, 89(4), 367-394. Naud, W., Szirmai, A., and Goedhuys, M. (2011). Innovation and entrepreneurship in developing countries. Tokyo: UNU. Onetti, A., Zucchella, A., Jones, M. V., and McDougall-Covin, P. P. (2012). Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms, Journal of Management Governance, 16(3), 337-368. Priem, R. L., Li, S., and Carr, J. C. (2012). Insights and new directions from demand-side approaches to technology innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management research, Journal of management, 38(1), 346-374. Szirmai, A., Naud, W., and Goedhuys, M. (2011). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development. UK: Oxford University Press. Tidd, J., and Bessant, J. (2014). Strategic innovation management. USA: John Wiley Sons. Trimi, S., and Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2012). Business model innovation in entrepreneurship, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 8(4), 449-465.

Retention and financial benefits of remote working

Workers have come a long way with Teleworking and that is why National Telework Week has been organized to recognize employee retention and financial benefits of remote working. Brian Christensen who is one of the employees Cisco System Inc, which is a computer networking firm, recalls how he was forced to move from his home in San Francisco to be near the company’s headquarters in California.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Retention and financial benefits of remote working specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because he was always late at work due to the long distance drive. Christensen used to take 90minutes driving to work which was 50 miles away from his home. Despite the harsh conditions, he was expected to work for 10-hour days. Christensen laughs when he looks at how things have changed as compared to the past 18years. Being the director of information systems at Cisco, Christensen now has mor e responsibilities to attend to. He is responsible for mobile and home service offering for 63,000 employees with $43 billion Company (Meg par. 1). Today, Christensen is able to work several days within a week from home and that is why he encourages other clients and co-workers to do the same too. According a survey report, roughly 90 percent of employees are working at least one day a week from home. Cisco has taken the mandate to promote employee empowerment to facilitate success in their jobs. Better results will be recorded if the employees work from home as compared to the hours they spend in the office. Being a networking company, Cisco has taken the forefront to facilitate a movement on the benefits of teleworking not only to the benefits of employees but also as a way of making business operations to be more global by attracting and retaining workers of highest quality that will boost the productivity of employees. Actually it is Cisco Company that has sponsored the National Telework Week which is to begin on Monday. Telework Exchange Company is responsible for organizing the event since the company also promotes teleworking particular in federal government.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two companies believe that employees can be able to save $ 60 averagely in a week and $ 3000 yearly if they work remotely. A good example is Trademark Office and U.S. Patent which documented savings worth $19million after moving its employees to work remotely. This was more than 14years ago. The large savings were as a result of reduced transport and real estate costs and a reduction in employee turnover. A total of $ 215 billion can be saved if full-time workers decide to work remotely. The environment will also be spared from tons of 143 million pollutants. The number of employees working from home has increased steadily since 2004. However, in 2010 th e number declined as a result of recession. Most employees feared that they might be jeopardizing their boss by telecommuting. There are some managers who find it hard to believe in telecommuting. This is one of the reasons why it is not easy to shift every company to teleworking strategies. Only good results will enable managers to think of using teleworking strategies. Bibliography Meg, Breslin. Teleworking Has Come a Long Way for Workers. 4 March, 2012. Web. https://www.workforce.com/2012/03/05/teleworking-has-come-a-long-way-for-workers/ This report on Retention and financial benefits of remote working was written and submitted by user Elvis Hodges to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is one of the best-known gases on the planet, largely because it is so important for our physical survival. It is a crucial part of Earths atmosphere and hydrosphere, its used for medical purposes, and it has a profound effect on plants, animals, and metals. Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is atomic number 8 with the element symbol O. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1773, but he did not publish his work immediately, so credit is often given to Joseph Priestly in 1774.  Here are 10 interesting facts about the element oxygen. Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration. Plant photosynthesis drives the oxygen cycle, maintaining it around 21% in air.  While the gas is essential for life, too much of it can be toxic or lethal. Symptoms of oxygen poisoning include vision loss, coughing, muscle twitching, and seizures.  At normal pressure, oxygen poisoning occurs when the gas exceeds 50%.Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.  Its usually purified by  fractional distillation of liquefied air, but the element is found in many compounds, such as water, silica, and carbon dioxide.Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue.  At lower temperatures and higher pressures, oxygen changes its appearance from blue monoclinic crystals to orange, red, black, and even a metallic appearance.Oxygen is a nonmetal.  It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile. The atoms readily gain electrons a nd form covalent chemical bonds. Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.  Atomic oxygen, which is also called singlet oxygen does occur in nature, although the ion readily bonds to other elements. Singlet oxygen may be found in the upper atmosphere. A single atom of oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2.Oxygen supports combustion.  However, it is not truly flammable!  It is considered an oxidizer. Bubbles of pure oxygen dont burn.Oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but doesnt retain permanent magnetism.Approximately 2/3 of the mass of the human body is oxygen. This makes it the most abundant element, by mass, in the body.  Much of that oxygen is part of water, H2O. Although there are more hydrogen atoms in the body than oxygen atoms, they account for significantly less mass. Oxygen is also the most abundant element in the Earths crust (about 47% by mass) and the third most common element in the Universe. As stars bu rn hydrogen and helium, oxygen becomes more abundant. Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red, green, and yellow-green colors of the aurora. Its the molecule of primary importance, as far as generating bright and colorful auroras.Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elements until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12. Oxygen made a good choice for the standard before much was known about isotopes because although there are 3 natural isotopes of oxygen, most of it is oxygen-16. This is why the atomic weight of oxygen (15.9994) is so close to 16. About 99.76% of oxygen is oxygen-16.

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Expert Help from Professionals

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Expert Help from Professionals How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay All students must know how to write an enduring issues essay. Read our recommendations and guidelines to improve the quality of your academic work. How to Improve Your Enduring Issues Essay Writing Tip #1: Choosing an Ensuring Issue and Creating a Thesis Statement One of the first things to do is choosing an enduring issue you want to analyze in your paper. Choose an issue that is well-researched. This way, you will find enough evidence to support your position. Find at least three credible documents related to the enduring issue of your choice. Scan them and isolate the most important information. Use it to develop a thesis statement. You cannot write a perfect enduring issues essay if you do not create a compelling thesis. It is strongly advisable that you write your essay as an argumentative paper. Your thesis should become the last sentence of the introduction. Review the examples below to formulate a thesis related to your chosen enduring issue: The enduring issue of hunger and poverty affects millions of people on the planet, and only a collective policy effort can relieve the burden of hunger and resource scarcity facing humans. Radicalism and religiosity have always been the two ensuring issues for people, and the 21st century should become the time of appropriate solutions, to protect the lives of people and create a space for continuous development into the future. Human trafficking is an enduring issue that affects men and women alike, and countries of the world should unite around the goals of human rights protection and welfare promotion to give as many people as possible a chance to avoid the chains of imprisonment. Please remember that you can choose among numerous enduring issues. You can also consider nested issues. In either case, you will need to provide compelling evidence that the issue is significant and deserves attention. You will need to explain how the issue of your choice has endured across time and space. For instance, human trafficking probably existed for centuries and took different forms. However, it is not until the beginning of the 21st century that it became a matter of global concern. How did it happen? You will need to write it in your enduring issues essay. Â  Tip #2: Gather Information from Multiple Sources How to write an enduring issues essay? You will need to collect extensive information from outside sources. You will need to scan dozens of documents to support your thesis statement and defend your position. Make sure that you have a lot of relevant information from multiple sources. Incorporate it into your argument. Otherwise, it will be weak and inconclusive. Anything will work. For example, you may want to scan historic documents that illustrate the patterns of gender relationships and marital unions leading to human trafficking. You may also want to locate historical documents, which highlight the changing perceptions of religiosity and radicalism in society. Do not reiterate obvious things! Your teachers are not stupid. They want to see how you use your analytical mind to produce a powerful enduring issues essay! Tip #3:Â   Bringing Together Analysis, Argumentation, and Impact As you look at an enduring issues essay example, you will remember your parents or your teachers telling you that quality is more important than quantity. However, when it comes to an enduring issues essay, both quality and quantity play a role. You will need to collect extensive evidence. However, you will need to be sure that this evidence is of unquestionably high quality. Do not hesitate to include valuable details! Provide insights into the nature and complexity of the enduring issue you are considering in your work. For example, if you decide to discuss the human trafficking issue mentioned above, you can follow two different pathways. Human trafficking has been an issue for decades and centuries; cases of rights violations were registered across the world. This looks like two sentences, obviously well formulated to express the main idea of your enduring issues essay. However, they are not enough to present a compelling and engaging argument. They do not create a context for analysis and argumentation. They simply state some simple truth. Instead, you should expand on these two sentences and incorporate evidence from outside sources. The result is this: Human trafficking represents a cluster of factors that expose individuals to the risks of health damage and human rights violations. According to Document 1, human trafficking was an issue during ancient times. Although it was not the only way for ruling parties to exert their influence on incumbents, it was a prevalent instrument exercised by people of power to achieve their mercenary goals. The Declaration of Human Rights creates a context for the analysis of human trafficking and associated violations. The beginning of the 21st century signifies a new era in human struggles to reduce the number of people who suffer from human rights violations. In this answer, you see evidence from other sources. It also speaks about how the issue evolved over time. Tip #4:Â  Analysis Is More Important than Summary As you have noticed, in your enduring issues essay you will need to show how the issue has persisted across centuries. You will also need to provide evidence of its impacts on people. Here, you may also want to discuss how people changed the progress of the issue or tried to resolve it in the past. This is why it is so important to analyze rather than summarize external information. Your paragraphs should have a topic sentence each and they should all be linked to the central enduring issue. Want to know how to write an enduring issues essay? Do not just summarize the information. A simple summary will earn you nothing but C. Be critical. Analyze information. Share the results of your analysis with the audience. Do not conceal facts, but be cautious when you present information from multiple sources, particularly if it is contradictory. If you want to know the secret of successful writing, it is simple, and it is here: analyze, analyze, analyze. Do not summarize.

Respond to The Declaration of Independence Essay

Respond to The Declaration of Independence - Essay Example In the following paragraphs, I will discuss further the right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness which is the very essence of the Declaration of independence and include their significance in today’s world. According to Jefferson, people have the right to live and protect their lives. The statement â€Å"He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren or to fall themselves by their arms† (82), shows that there was the violation of life. It is known that when the colonizers first set foot on the land, they faced the danger of fighting with Native Americans but that was understandable because both parties fought for their lives, being aliens toward each other. However, for Jefferson, life of the people has been violated because the colonizers themselves were killing each other, friend against friend and brother against brother, not for survival but because of the order of the king. When Jefferson and his colleagues successfully got rid of the British claws that was taking the lives of numerous people, sadly, the fight for the right for life has not been over yet. When it was not White against White that was happening, the divide between the Whites and Blacks was magnified. Whites are known to have owned Black slaves and for decades, there have been killings of slaves simply because of the slave-owner’s desire to have control of his slaves. For this reason, some slaves take their chances of escaping which infuriated slave-owners all the more, causing them more reasons to hurt them or even kill them. The fight for the right for life among slaves has been long and hard but in time, the vision of Jefferson for a government that respects such right has come. Slave-ownership was abolished in 1863 through the Proclamation of Emancipation issued by

Symbolic Interactionism Theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Symbolic Interactionism Theory - Term Paper Example Since, it encompasses people inhabiting certain global fragments who have attached numerous interpretations to their environment. Additionally, it argues that an individual’s perception is a reflection of fellow people’s appraisals whose basis lies in the already constructed interpretation (Jeon 254). The concept stresses the essence of words that human normally apply while describing conduct of fellow individuals and in relation to their inhabitancy. For instance, a rapist may shield himself by arguing that some women (hitchhikers) cannot claimto be a casualty of rape. Since, she asked for it while the motorist was not even aware of their presence until they waved the car to a halt to inquire for lift. Horton C. C. and George H. Mead were the pioneers of this conception, which emerged during the onset of 20Th century (Aldiabat & Carole-Lynne 1069). Primarily, this theory entails interpretation of aspects amid few opposite parties aimed at enhancing their interaction in a communal setting. Strengths The theory does not entail complex criterion that comprises rules governing varied symbol interpretations (Jeon 249). Since, one’s capability of communicating effectively and understand diverse symbols or objects in his social environment depends on  one's aptitude to mingle with others. This strengths the society because people emanating from a similar region normally hold on to identical interpretations about varied aspects that enhance their relations and makes them exceptional (Aldiabat & Carole-Lynne 1065). In addition, it is easy to transmit information because the recipient only interprets previously known objects’ meaning in the mind, which the communicator refers. Symbolic Interactionism in some incidences may not require talking, where a person through gestures is capable passing the message as necessitated. Weaknesses The theory is a challenge especially in numerous incidences, where one cannot exactly fathom whether the inte rpreter is reacting to stereotype or is natural. Since environment in which one resides determines general interpretation of a send signal, which may be due to information held towards a certain symbol or people. This concept has no way of having a clear â€Å"control group† because socialization of an individual may have a significant impact from birth. Hence, implying that what one esteems and comprehends regarding a certain aspect will remain and no external impact of the societal fabric would create a diverse, significant consequence. Critics argue that the concept is an outline of theories. Hence, implying in its application and study lacks basis because due to other concepts inclusion, hence serve a central role in its structure. This makes the theory incapable of handling social structures and related aspects especially those that are macro. Symbolic Interactionism tends to be limited within a region where its interpretations abound while derailing the external relatio ns, hence seclusion of people. Theory Application One morning while in the 11Th grade and during a Math’s session, the teacher (Amos) after reviewing previous lesson’s content informed us that will have slight exercise to awaken the minds. In his hand, Amos had a work sheet that he kept on referring while instructing the class. The exercise meant to prepare us for the next topic, where each received a

IBM Research Topic Essay Example for Free

IBM Research Topic Essay Mission Statement-Suitability for IBM The mission statement of IBM is suitable for the organization, and that not only because it sufficiently refers to the features a mission statement must have, but also because it expresses a spirit of success, teamwork and customer consideration, a spirit that only big companies can generate. Mission Statement-Strengths and weaknesses Though much important a mission stetement is, it can develop some strengths and weaknesses regarding mostly the customers of a company, the workforce and its shareholders. These three groups of people constitute a larger framework of groups, which has a legitimate interest in the fortunes of a company, the stakeholders of a company. Customers-Strengths In the market of information technology, customers will expect the most advance information technology from a company in order to fulfill their needs. Customers will also demand a flexible range of products and services (after sales service) to suit their needs. By reading the mission statement of IBM it is more than visible that the company fulfills these demands and provides strengths to its customers (â€Å"we strive to lead in the creation and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies†, â€Å"we translate these advance technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions and services worldwide†). Generally the mission statement of IBM expresses a spirit of marketing orientation, and customer devotiation. Customers-Weaknesses It is extremeny difficult to pinpoint any weaknesses regarding customers generated from the mission statement of IBM, since the company’s mission statement expresses a spirit of marketing orientation and customer service (â€Å"we translate these advanced technologies into value for our customers through our professional solutions and services worldwide†). However one could say that extremely high technology and development might create such a specialisation that may lead to non-user friendly products, which would not sufficiently serve the needs of the customers. This could be encountered as a weakness. Workforce-Strengths The workforce of a company will expect to operate in a friendly and teamwork enviroement, in which opportunities for training and career development will be given. The mission statement of IBM complies with these expectations, and so provides strengths to the workforce. Since the product line of IBM is highly technologically advanced (â€Å"development and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies) the workforce of IBM will have the opportunity of being trained and having developed their career in the future. Apart from this, the mission statement itself expresses the team spirit that exist in IBM and is being expected from the workforce (â€Å"At IBM, we strive to lead in creation†¦.†. Workforce-Weaknesses Apart from the strengths that are generated from the mission statement of IBM a few weaknesses can also arise. By reading the mission statement of IBM you can easily observe the tense the company has to invest in the development of the company (technology, services) in order to lead in creation, development and manufacture of the industry’s most advance information technologies and so to serve by a more fruitfull way the needs of its customers. This however can have a negative impact on some expectations of the workforce. Employees might expect some profits of the company to be given for the use of raising wages rather than investing for the development of the company. Employees might expect shorter working hours and more standardised products and services. The non-confrontation of these expectations can be considered as weaknesses.

Washington Square Essay -- Argumentative Henry James Essays

Washington Square In Putt's book Henry James: A Readers Guide, he speaks in a chapter about Washington Square. Within this chapter he goes over the role that Catherine plays in the story. She ultimately chooses spinsterhood, and not to defy her father, and to be the good daughter. The theme of avoidance o f marriage, spinsterhood, is something that is focused on by James in much of his work (Putt 46). Putt dwells on the fact that the father was a cruel man, and gives extraneously long quotes from James's original text to make a small point. I think that this author would have been much more effective if he would have narrowed down his thought in this chapter. Putt touches on a lot of things concerning Washington Square, such as the intrusion of the narrator, in the second person no less, and the analysis of the novel by some Doctors out in the field. It seemed to me that Putt could have been more successful by keeping it short and sweet, and not giving brief synopsis of the entire novel. The novel, Wa shington Square, Putt says in this chapter, is not even long enough to be considered a novel. Please tell me why. Putt offers no explanation as to why he believes this is so, and really should not have put in his own two cents anyway. Once again this jump in topic indicates a real strain to try to keep up with the subject that the author wishes to discus. He asks more questions than he answers and to me that was very frustrating. If Putt was really trying to be objective, he could at least have gotten the answers he sought so that the rest of us would not have to ponder the answer for him. Putt seemed to me to be very critical of this work of James, although he does not deny that this is definitely one of James's best pieces. ... ... speaking of Morris Townsend's selfishness, both the doctor and Mrs. Montgomery admit that everyone is selfish. But the doctor proceeds to admit that he does not hide it well (one assumes the doctor does a much better job hiding his selfishness), and Dr. Sloper then admits to looking past Morris as a person: "You see I am helped by a habit I have of dividing people into classes, into types. I may easily be mistaken about your brother as an individual, but his type is written on his whole person" (James 87). This admission shows that Dr. Sloper's sense of Morris Townsend's character is biased and prejudice. Therefore there is no dichotomy in Dr. Sloper, and the novel does prove to be morally simple. Works Cited Hall, Donald. Afterword. Washington Square. By Henry James. New York: Penguin, 1979. James, Henry. Washington Square. New York: Penguin, 1979.

Bonus Reflection Paper on the Kawakami Paper

Bonus Reflection Paper on the Kawakami Paper and Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Study Ella Price In Kerry Kawakami’s paper â€Å"Mispredicting Affective and Behavioural Response to Racism† the paradox of remarking upon how strongly overt prejudice is condemned within modern society and the acts of why blatant racism still frequency occurs were scientifically examined (Kawakami, K. , Dunn, E. , Karmali, F. , & Dovidio, F, D. , 2009).The results of this study were truly astonishing, yet frightening as the differences between predicted responses and actual responses to racist behaviour was investigated. Given either two settings of a private or public environment, groups of non- black participants were used to basically illustrate the average racism theory, which states that individuals today who embrace egalitarian beliefs may continue to harbour nonconscious negative feelings towards outgroups, in this case, blacks (Kawakami et al. , 2009).Groups were given a scenari o to predict or literally physically show how they would feel and behave and how they actually feel and behave upon hearing a racist comment. Participants in the role of the forecaster had time to recognize the social demands dictated by widespread egalitarian norm, and therefore responded in ways they believed were socially acceptable rather than according to their true inclinations (Kawakami et al. , 2009). On the contrary, actual responses were perceived to be based on spontaneous more unconscious attitudes.As a result, Kawakami concluded that despite current egalitarian cultural norms, one reason why reason and discrimination remain so prevalent in society may be that when people are literally within a scenario of overt racist acts, they do not respond in the way they anticipated in terms of egalitarian norms, which promotes prejudice and racism to continue (Kawakami et al. , 2009). This study was very interesting and reflective of bizarre yet sickening modern social drawbacks. This study draws a parallel to Stanley Milgram’s Obedience study to authority figures.It was a series of social psychology experiments which measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure of the experimenter who instructed them to perform acts that conflicted with their personal egalitarian conscience (Cherry, 2010). These experiments commenced subsequently after World War II, when people had a difficult time trying to understand how a whole country can come together in such an atrocious fashion. Milgram asked himself, â€Å"Was there a mutual sense of morality among those involved? † (Cherry, 2010).Milgram's testing suggested that it could have been that the millions of accomplices were merely following orders, despite violating their deepest moral beliefs (Cherry, 2010). How violent can a person choose to be under the influence of an authority figure or in Kawakawi’s study, despite the social demands of egalitarian cultural norms, w hen and how much will people choose to slack in their response to overt acts of racism, whether it is because of feelings of guilt, embarrassment or genuine racism(Kawakami et al. , 2009).The majority of today’s prejudice studies branched off from after WWII, to explore the human psyche and to understand and prevent racism, prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination from taking such a deep fierce hold on society (Cherry, 2010). Initially, the first minority of studies that forked off from this era, began to point fingering directly at Germans, labelling them as inherently evil people, prone to racism, discrimination and prejudice, but as the field of social psychology and prejudice research progressed we began to better understand an individual’s psych for better and for worst (Cherry, 2010).Psychologist has discovered the dilemma of the human mind and its unstable frightening truth: We are not as nice as we would like to anticipate. In Stanley Milgram’s experim ent on obedience people would act in response to an authority figure, the experimenter, who would ask them to do something which seemed inherently immoral (Cherry, 2010). Despondently, it was discovered that the powers of obedience by an authoritarian often ensnared, restrained and imprisoned common sense and humanity.Similarly the study conducted by Kawakami, tell us that although we would like to believe that when someone did something wrong we would stand up for justice and morality but unfortunately, those who do stand up appear to be the statistical inconsistencies (Kawakami et al. , 2009). References Kawakami, K. , Dunn, E. , Karmali, F. , & Dovidio, F, D. (2009). Mispredicting affective and behavioural responses to racism. Journal of Science, 323, 276-278. Cherry, K. (2010). The Milgram Obedience Experiment: The Perils of Obedience. Retrieved March 31, 2010, from http://psychology. about. com/od/historyofpsychology /a/milgram. htm

Importance Of Primary Education For Childern Analysis Education Essay

Primary instruction is the basic and first right of every child.Its handiness and proviso is non merely the duty of province but parents and families. Primary instruction brings consciousness among the multitudes, opens avenues for chances every bit good self-advancement and betterment and reduces chronic and inter-generational poorness. As a first measure in the creative activity of public assistance and merely society, cosmopolitan primary instruction is an absolute pre-requisite for sustainable development. Every individual kid that means misss every bit good as male childs should be able to finish full class of primary instruction. In order to vie with the environing universe, kids are prepared from really early childhood. Equally early as four or five old ages, the kids grew up in the place, where they seek advice about how household life, and how to interact with people in general pretence. But life and the competition and the whole universe, life and excel in the upcoming one in ulterior life. General instruction in assorted subjects is indispensable to supply each of which is primary instruction for kids. Primary instruction is mandatory for pupils on life, where all the related subjects the basic cognition and necessary, which may include numeration, word formation and apprehension of general moralss, norms and criterions of cognition around. Primary instruction is normally started earlier, in some states, such as baby's room categories in other counties is the first measure the chief baby's room. All kids to instruction, the usage of this very petroleum and professional life around the universe, they have to cover with in ulterior life information. This is in all states, all of the plans and classs to take compulsory position and kids with linguistic communication, art, scientific discipline, mathematics and other facets of life, particularly the basic cognition of faith, introduced mandatory instruction. Primary instruction normally ends at ten old ages old as 5th class pupils through their tests. Started within this period of clip, so that all pupils in the community to work as a category and how to cover with and obey the general apprehension in society. Other than this subject is the most of import facet is secondary in these initial experiences to beef up vocational instruction in the former watercourse. Yet basic instruction in hapless states like Pakistan is in crisis. 67 % of kids ( aged between6-10 ) go to school ( 72 % male and 62 % female ) 57 % literacy rate ( 69 % male and 45 % female ) Thousands of new trained instructors are needed today to supply childern with a nice instruction There are so many grounds for kids to lose school, but poorness is the chief 1. Parents can non afford school fees, uniforms and books sum. Most of communities may non hold adequate resources to run a school.In most of rural countries, schools are at long distances which make kids to avoid them and particularly it makes impossible for misss. The account for misss ‘ exclusion is n't simple. In different cultural values boys get precedence when it comes to instruction. Girls are kept place to assist with child care and family working.They do non bask the same freedom of motion as male childs. It is of import for the Government of Pakistan to do excess attempt by running more plans and educational prioritized policies to accomplish Millennium Educational Development Goals set under the declaration signed in 2000. This subject is chosen to pull attending of every person to endeavor together for the development of simple instruction which can be guided by the analytical model provided in claiming the Millennium-Development-Goals. The survey will enable us to happen impact of different factors set uping the accomplishment of Millennium-Development-Goals for instruction. It besides includes plans and policies used to accomplish the spreads and achieve maximal achievement of ends. To reason, it will foreground the jobs associating to this issue and giving solutions to them. 1.2 Importance of research rubric: The end of accomplishing cosmopolitan primary instruction is particularly of import because educational attainment has been noted as a cardinal facet to overall economic growing ( Gupta et. al. , 2002 ) . To mensurate advancement towards this end, the United Nations has chosen three indexs of primary cosmopolitan instruction: Universal Literacy, Universal Primary Enrollment and Universal Primary Education Completion. Additionally, the United Nations has called for Gender Parity, or the equal representation of males and females, in primary instruction as a portion of a separate end meant to advance gender equality and empower adult females. As the deadline for finishing the MDGs has been set for 2015, developing states must set up the most efficient ways to accomplish these ends with the limited resources available. The primary aim of this subject is to reexamine the extent to which-and how-educational developments are reflected in national MDGs-based development schemes and policies in Pakistan, in order to place critical spreads and challenges, and to see what can be learned from these experiences to do betterments in accomplishing ends. The subject, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . 1.3 Brief reappraisal of position of instruction in Pakistan since its birth: Since the birth of Pakistan, in last 63 old ages different comprehensive paperss and policies at national degree on restructuring and betterment of instruction system were produced in different old ages 1959, 1972, 1979 and 1992. Yet, the limited economic resources, hapless grasp of instruction precedences, unequal committedness, and improper execution of Torahs and deficiency of response from the people ne'er allowed the coveted transmutation to take topographic point. In 1998, the so authorities, made an understanding to this basic duty, by denoting the policy on 27th March 1998. The National Education Policy 1998 was formulated to transform the Pakistani state into an educated, cultured, integrated, cohesive entity that can vie and stand up to future challenges. The two of the chief aims that were set under this policy were to universalise primary instruction for the kids, young person and grownups by the twelvemonth 2010 through non-formal attack and to achieve cosmopolitan literacy rate. In September 2000, at the United Nations HQ in New York City, merely after two and half old ages of national instruction policy for Pakistan was devised, 189 states from across the universe signed the Millennium Declaration to accomplish minimal criterion of quality of life. Pakistan was besides one of them. Eight Millennium-Development-Goals were agreed to accomplish the aims of the Declaration by 2015 and get down a new epoch of peace and equality. The first specific end set under MDGs was to cut down utmost poorness and hungriness, second was to accomplish cosmopolitan primary instruction, 3rd to advance gender equity and empower adult females, 4th to cut down kid mortality, fifth to better maternal wellness, sixth to battle HIV/AIDS malaria and other diseases, seventh to guarantee environmental sustainability and eight to develop a planetary partnership for development. Primary educational development is the 2nd end to accomplish after eliminating hungriness and poorness. To put the universe on a new class of patterned advance, rich and hapless state, old and new, had signed a declaration. The human race had ne'er done much corporate attempt and possible to make good earlier in history. Declarations can be signed but merely as easy forgotten. In todays life of international political relations due to planetary economic and societal unstability, precedences change fast and committednesss are delayed. As a state, it is our duty to fall in together and to contend against this planetary war. It can be our coevals that eliminates illiteracy and make a universe for every adult male. It can be our coevals who can supply a way of success and bright hereafter for the following coevalss. Governments are answerable to the people they govern and it ‘s those people, you and me, who have the ability to do certain they keep their committednesss. So far the current rate of advancement for Millennium development ends to be fulfilled by 2015 is difficult.If we want to, we can do a difference by fall ining with each other to do our voice count. Our ballot counts and so does our voice. So Lashkar-e-Taiba ‘s do our difference to the state today and do illiteracy history. These are the several grounds which hinder the accomplishment of MDGs for instruction will be focused but other of import variables will non be ignored. All these elements have been identified in this research paper and are given in item. Though Pakistan has run through a political convulsion every bit good as natural catastrophe like temblors of 2004-5 and inundations of 2009 has atrocious and atrocious after effects on the economic system every bit good as societal substructure of Pakistan. Yet we as a state should non give up and go on to our best to accomplish these MDGs. 1.4 Importance of subject for Academic governments: The research paper has its graduated table and importance. It has a really broad range and its graduated table of importance is besides huge. The subject has its importance globally as this job is non the job of one state but it is a planetary issue and has a planetary position. A batch of work has been done in this respects but still there is a demand to trap indicate the jobs until no proper action is being taken. This research investigates the accomplishment for educational MDGs in Pakistan, placing the jobs, issues and hinderances in non accomplishing the coveted ends and proposing some recommendations to accomplish the targeted ends. This paper, hence, is intended for usage by development of educational governments, and specifically by policymakers, national human rights establishments, civil society organisations, and United Nations financess, plans and bureaus working to incorporate educational rights into national and international attempts to accomplish the Millennium-Development-Goals ( MDGs ) . Ministry of instruction has gained importance and is playing a really fruitful and ruling work in the society. Students and instructors are making research on such subjects ; it will assist them understand good the job. 1.5 Cardinal Definitions: The definitions of of import nomenclatures or words are as follow:FootingsGlossary/Operational DefinitionEducationThe act or procedure of educating ; the consequence of educating, as determined by the cognition accomplishment, or subject of character, acquired ; besides, the act or procedure of preparation by a prescribed or customary class of survey or subject. ( www.brainyquote.com/words/ed/education158399.html )Primary instructionIt is most frequently referred to as simple instruction, which is normally composed of classs one through six. The chief intent of primary instruction is to give kids a strong foundation in the rudimentss of a general course of study, with an accent on reading and math. ( www.ehow.com †º Education †º K-12 †º K-12 Basics ) 1.6 Study aim: This survey attempts to reexamine and analyze the state ‘s specific policies, plans, bing commissariats and schemes which have been adopted to accomplish the millenary development end to guarantee that by2015 every individual male child and miss will be able to finish full class of primary schooling. Furthermore, the survey besides suggests some recommendations and looks at the different factors that have an impact in accomplishment of these ends. To analyze the impact of the Net primary registration ratio ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the completion / endurance rate grade 1 to 5 ( % ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the GPI ( Gender para index ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the consequence of the Public outgo as % of gross domestic product on instruction on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of the Pupil-teacher ratio on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that Poverty rate has significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of Non formal instruction ( deeni madrasas ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the insignificant/significant impact of population aged ( 0-14 ) ( % of entire ) on literacy rate spread. To analyze the proposition that primary instruction instructors ( % of females ) has a significant/insignificant impact on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of low weight babes on literacy rate spread. To analyze the impact of figure of primary schools on literacy rate spread.

Human resource planning (HRP)

Human resource planning (HRP) Abstract Today, chief executive officers (CEOs) refer to their workforce (or human capital) as their organizations’ chief asset. This statement underpins the importance of the concept of human resource in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human resource planning (HRP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human resource planning (HRP) enables an organization to better realize its goals by ensuring that it makes efficient and effective use of its human capital. Todays workforce is characteristically ambitious and hence, volatile. Rosenberg (n.d.) reiterates that employees switch careers an approximated three times in their working life. Even with this change in the nature of the workforce employer, employee and customer demands and expectations remain the same. In addition to these, organizations are competing immensely for high quality talent and are at the same time investing heavily in acquiring and retaining it as these is crucial in meeting business objectives and goals. Thus, HR managers have an additional task, which is HRP that is instrumental in dealing with the element of uncertainty as it pertains to an employees future. From an organizations point of view a translation of HRP is making good use of an employee while he/she is in the organization’s hands. Yan et al (2009) reiterates that an organizations workforce (or human capital) is a valuable asset. A robust human capital is a critical success factor in ensuring that the expectations of customers are met, which is the key to positive financial performance. Realizing such a robust human capital requires a sound and strategic HR policy, which ensures that an organization recruits the best expertise available and makes the best use of it for as long as it can. Forecasting an organizations current and future financial needs and HRP are core units of such an HR policy.Advertising Looking for essay on busine ss economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More HRP is according to Dessler (2001, p. 24) the process of â€Å"anticipating future demand for staff, allocating different kinds of staff within organisations, and developing systems for calculating human resource requirements based on accurate records and forecasting techniques†. What HRP does is that it facilitates the effective use of an organizations human capital. It does this by ensuring that the right personnel are working at the right place and at the right moment. Forecasting an organization’s current and future HR needs involves using either a quantitative approach or a qualitative one. The quantitative approach to forecasting an organization HR needs involves numerical quantification of employees by use of statistical and mathematical procedures. By grouping the resultant numerical entities into applicable groups it is possible to determine HR excesses, d eficits and inconsistencies. Examples of applicable groups include age, pay, gender, qualifications and performance rating. HR managers co-work with statistical and mathematical experts to ensure that there is accurate quantitative forecasting. The qualitative approach to forecasting an organizations HR needs involves consultations with experts. The opinions of the expert drawn from the consultations enlighten the organization on what its HR needs are, specifically, staffing requirements and career development paths to pursue. The expert bases his/her opinions on evaluations on employee performance and potential for promotion. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative forecasting approaches reveals that the latter is more popular as it is cost and time saving. There are a number of factors that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP. According to Stone (2008) one these factors is women in the workforce. Todays workforce contains an increasing number of women. An inc entive that is greatly contributing to this increase is the use of mother-friendly alternative working arrangements in organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human resource planning (HRP) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, employers are providing mothers with flexible work arrangements, special parental leaves, job sharing arrangements, childcare facilities within the organizations premises, telecommuting work arrangements etc. From 1982 to 2005 Australia has seen a rise of 18.7% in the number of females in employment who are between the ages of 18 and 64 years (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). In addition to this, from 1989 to 2004 Australia has also seen a rise of 6% in the number of working mothers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). HR managers when doing HRP should be aware of the fact that the number of women in the workforce is on a rise and should therefore put in place mechan isms that attract and retain them. To illustrate the above point lets take the example of Diane Gibney. Diane returns to work at her former employers veterinary clinic after giving birth to her first child. Due to post antenatal commitments she asks her former employer for an alternative working arrangement, namely, flextime which would allow her to work at given times of the day. The employer refuses to offer her such a working arrangement. Following the employers refusal Diane quits her job and with another partner opens their own veterinary clinic. The 14 staff members in Dianes new clinic are all female. She is sensitive to antenatal commitments and accords her employees flexible working arrangements so that they are able to attend to them. This example underpins the appreciation that employers should give to mother-friendly HR policies. Another example is that of Caroline Coops. Carolines has a strong commitment and a high motivation to work for her current employer. The reason for this is that the employer accommodates flexible working arrangements that particularly enable and empower mothers to attend to their antenatal commitments. Though Caroline is not a mother yet, this provision by her employer has had a profound effect on her. It gives her piece of mind knowing that when such commitments arise she is able to adjust a working schedule so that she can better attend to her family needs. This example shows that family-friendly HR policies attract women into employment and are instrumental in retaining them in the organizations workforce. Employee retention is critical in meeting business objectives as the direct and indirect costs employers incur to employee turnover are phenomenal. Direct costs are those that an employer incurs when replacing the individual who has made the turn over. Indirect costs are those that the employer incurs because of reduced productivity. Attracting high quality talent to an organization is also critical in meeting busines s objectives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Flexible working arrangements that are family-friendly enable organizations to attract and retain such talent as shown from the two examples above. In other words, such working arrangements enable employers to combat employee turnover and at the same time attract high quality talent to the organization. They are a critical business success factors with todays workforce that contains an increasing number of women and particularly mothers. According to Stone (2008) another factor for HR managers to consider when doing HRP is globalization. Dessler (2001) describes globalization simply as the venturing of businesses into new international markets. Advances in information technology have been and continue to be instrumental in globalization. Soon the world will be a global village with ecological and socio-political systems that are dependent on each other. An advantage of globalization is that employers have a bigger market in which they can shop for individuals with the right levels o f skill, experience and knowledge. An outright disadvantage of globalization is that it supports or encourages brain drain. Organizations that are global employers via globalization should manage their multiracial and culturally diverse workforce in such a way that conflicts between employees are at a minimal. To illustrate that globalization is a factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP we take the example of an American firm which invested in England. The firm bought a textile machinery company near Birmingham. To boost productivity the American manager of the textile machinery company set about on cutting the time lost on tea breaks, which amounted to thirty minutes in a day per employee. Culturally, having tea in such a manner is not a big issue to Americans but it is to the English. So, by the direction and instruction of the American manager a tea-maker machine was installed in the company. An infuriated workforce went on a riot demanding the removal of the tea-maker machine. The American manager had to comply with the demands of his English workforce. According to Stone (2008) another factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP is ageing population. The current situation in most economies of the world is a workforce with, first, less people entering it and second, an ageing and near retirement population. This is an impending crisis for employers. Soon, there will be a lack of both skilled and experienced labour. At the moment, individuals nearing retirement are the ones fuelling a huge portion of workforce growth. This means that when this ageing population retires workforce growth will almost stagnate causing a huge problem to employers. Additionally, mature age workers tend to be more loyal and productive in comparison to their younger counterparts. It is therefore imperative that HR managers start figuring out how they can retain their organizations mature workers. To illustrate that ageing population is a factor that HR managers should consider when undertaking HRP we consider the case of Peter Jordan. Peter Jordan is a business consultant. He is of the opinion that HR managers should redirect their employee retention efforts towards keeping mature workers (Porter, 2008). Jordan cites this as being crucial in averting or mitigating the effects of an imminent staff and knowledge shortfall that is about to hit in the very near future (Porter, 2008). Jordan additionally points out that there is more justification for this strategy when you consider employee loyalty between the mature and young age workforce (Porter, 2008). Jordan opines that there is more employee loyalty in mature age workforce than in the young age workforce (Porter, 2008). Craig Perret feels the same way as Jordans pointing out that, HR managers should develop policies that encourage the mature age workforce to remain at work (Porter, 2008). Other factors on top of these three that HR managers should consider when undertak ing HRP are employment, organizational structure and culture, outsourcing and technological changes in society. HR managers should take a keen interest on the rate of employment in their countries. Organizational structure and culture are instrumental in lifting employee morale and commitment to an organization. Technological changes in society can eliminate the need for certain employees in an organization thus bringing in cost cutting benefits. Outsourcing is a means for increasing capacity in organizations so that customer demand is met. References Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010b). Women’s income. Web. Dessler, G. (2001). Human Resource Management (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Porter, L. (2008). Boomers can keep sea change at bay. The Age, p. 23. Web. Rosenberg McKay, D. (n.d.). How often to people change careers? About.com: Career Planning. Web. Stone, R. J. (2008). Human Resource Management (6th ed.). Milton, Qld, Australia: Wiley. Yan, A., Rao, Y., Liao, C. Gao, C. (2009). Competency identification of sales staff in the agricultural seed industry: Evidence of seed firms in China. doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.4.513

Life on Earth During the Precambrian Time Span

Life on Earth During the Precambrian Time Span The Precambrian Time Span is the earliest time period on the Geologic Time Scale. It stretches from the formation of the earth 4.6 billion years ago to around 600 million years ago and encompasses many Eons and Eras leading up to the Cambrian Period in the current Eon. Beginning of Earth The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago in a violent explosion of energy and dust according to the rock record from Earth and other planets. For about a billion years, the earth was a barren place of volcanic action and a less than suitable atmosphere for most types of life. It wasnt until about 3.5 billion years ago that it is thought that the first signs of life formed. The Beginning of Life on Earth The exact way life began on Earth during the Precambrian Time is still debated in the scientific community. Some theories that have been posed over the years include the Panspermia Theory, Hydrothermal Vent Theory, and Primordial Soup. It is known, however, there was not much diversity in organism type or complexity during this extremely long period of Earths existence. Most of the life that existed during the Precambrian Time span were prokaryotic single-celled organisms. There is actually a pretty rich history of bacteria and related unicellular organisms within the fossil record. In fact, it is now thought that the first types of unicellular organisms were extremophiles in the Archaean domain. The oldest trace of these that have been found so far is around 3.5 billion years old. These earliest forms of life resembled cyanobacteria. They were photosynthetic blue-green algae that thrived in the extremely hot, carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere. These trace fossils were found on the Western Australia coast. Other, similar fossils have been found all over the world. Their ages span about two billion years. With so many photosynthetic organisms populating the earth, it was only a matter of time before the atmosphere started to accumulate higher levels of oxygen since oxygen gas is a waste product of photosynthesis. Once the atmosphere had more oxygen, many new species evolved that could use oxygen to create energy. More Complexity Appears The first traces of eukaryotic cells showed up about 2.1 billion years ago according to the fossil record. These seem to be single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lacked the complexity we see in most of todays eukaryotes. It took about another billion years before the more complex eukaryotes evolved, probably through endosymbiosis of prokaryotic organisms. The more complex eukaryotic organisms began living in colonies and creating stromatolites. From these colonial structures most likely came multicellular eukaryotic organisms. The first sexually reproducing organism evolved around 1.2 billion years ago. Evolution Speeds Up Towards the end of the Precambrian Time period, much more diversity evolved. The earth was undergoing somewhat rapid climate changes, going from completely frozen over to mild to tropical and back to freezing. The species that were able to adapt to these wild fluctuations in climate survived and flourished. The first protozoa appeared followed closely by worms. Soon after, arthropods, mollusks, and fungi showed up in the fossil record. The end of the Precambrian Time saw much more complex organisms like jellyfish, sponges, and organisms with shells come into existence. The end of the Precambrian Time period came at the beginning of the Cambrian Period of the Phanerozoic Eon and Paleozoic Era. This time of great biological diversity and rapid increase in organism complexity is known as the Cambrian Explosion. The end of the Precambrian Time marked the start of the more quickly progressing evolution of species over Geologic Time.

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies Essay

Hyundai and Hankook Manufacturing Companies - Essay Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that competition is a common factor that every company faces at every level of operation. In order to strengthen competitive power, motor companies and auto-related products tend to employ unique technologies that can enable them to survive in the market. Some have also relied upon their specific governments to protect them from competition caused by new entrants. The Hyundai motor company is one of the companies that face competition from other auto manufacturers. Hankook is also an example of a universally known company dealing with auto-related products like tires and spare parts. Hyundai Motor Company came into existence in 1968. Upon its establishment, the company merged with Ford Motor Company with the aim of filtering technology for building ships. Upon parting ways with Ford motor company, Hyundai Motors collaborated with the Mitsubishi motor company of Japan that helped in the manufacture of Pony, the first small passenger car with an engine power of 1500cc. In the reports of Lansbury, the success of the Pony model in the markets of Korea lifted the position of Hyundai Motor Company to the best position among other motor manufacturers in Korea. The impressive performance of Pony in the market motivated further innovation that led to the manufacture of Pony II version in 1973. Good features associated with the Pony model enabled Hyundai to penetrate the Canadian market, where it made high sales. With the continued partnership of Mitsubishi and Hyundai, Hyundai produced other stellar, a new model with the brand name of engine power 1597cc in 1982. In 1985, Hyundai Motors released the Sonata model with an engine power of 2000cc and later in 1990 the company produced Elantra model that had an engine power of 1800cc. According to Lansbury, the impressive features of the excel model enabled Hyundai motors to penetrate and market its cars in America by 1986. The performance of Excel in the America n market made Hyundai Motors to clinch position three among the best performing foreign companies in America. The partnership between Hyundai motors and Mitsubishi Motors provided Hyundai with the more technological know-how that assisted Hyundai to increase the rate and volume of production thus keeping the company top of other car manufacturers in Korea. In the view of Lansbury, the association with Mitsubishi enabled Hyundai motors to gather managerial skills that helped in boosting production volumes.

Classical Management Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical Management Theory - Essay Example sion of labor, order, span of control, authority and responsibility, discipline, remuneration of personnel, equity, tenure stability, subordination of individual interests over general interests, initiative and Espirit de Corps (Anapkumar 2005). Some elements of the Fayol’s theory continue to have a positive impact on the culture of a functional unit. Although the theory does not include communication as one of its element, it is implicit that both vertical and horizontal communications are considered vital to the performance of the elements of this theory. The power structure advocated for by the theory espouses optimal functionality with managers holding authority over and responsibility to employees and the later submitting to the rules and orders (Miner 2006). Rewarding of employees within the organization through application of monetary rewards and job security boosts their work morale. The theorys insistence on human resource continues to play a crucial part in businesses successes worldwide by focusing on employees’ development. It views personnel as the essence of an organization but is attributed to the the growth of public administration. (Miner 2006) The theory is plagued by numerous weaknesses in dynamic market place which does not strictly adhere to the tenets of management as proposed by Fayol . Its insistence on excessive hierarchy, rigid compliance to rules, promotion on seniority and over developed specialization cannot work in todays market place unless it is made flexible. If not, it might be a precursor to bureau morbid behavior. A consequence of this will be bloated companies and proliferation of rules which will make it harder for companies to cope with the dynamic market place. The theorys treatment of employees as economic, irrational, passive and inert beings who are a product of the means of production capable of being only motivated by means of money works against the functional in todays businesses. (Alajloni et al 2010) It fails

Proposal Preparation Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Proposal Preparation Plan - Assignment Example hold the cohesive nature of the work thus ensuring that the broken points are successive, this facilitates the efficient completion of the work without instances of redundancy. Key among the components of a particular work breakdown structure is the scope of the project. This refers to the features of the project including all the activities that make up the project. The structure must detail all the features of the work thus providing a reliable blueprint in the completion of the work. Time is yet another essential component of the structure. As discussed earlier, the structure guides the operations of the project managers. As such, it must detail the timeframe for the project by providing appropriate durations for every aspect of the project. Timely completion of the broken-down features contributes to the timely completion of the entire project owing to the interrelation of the various components (Project Management Institute, 2006). Additionally, a work breakdown structure must show the budget associated with the completion of the task. The budget enhances the completion of the project since it avails adequate resources for the completion of a particul ar aspect of the work. The appropriateness of the budgetary allocations ensures the effective and timely completion of the work since it influences the availability of the related resources. Besides all the features described above, a work breakdown structure must name the individual responsible for the project. This enhances accountability, a fundamental feature that contributes to the success of the project. An aircraft system is a complicated system consisting of various components that must operates efficiently and independently albeit in unison. This ensures the success and efficient operation of the entire system. The graphical representation below portrays a broken down feature of the system showing a typical work breakdown structure in the maintenance of an aircraft system. The system presents a

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay Example for Free

Memorandum for new model to FQHC Service Plan Essay It is to propose a new service channel to the existing service model of FQHC which is currently doing community development activities in the nation. Recently we found that the local community does not have any drug rehabilitation center even though most of the men and women wanted to change their lifestyle. The alcohol consumption rate in adults is very high and is affecting the family lives and the development of the children. The income earning rate has reduced drastically during the past 3 years and work place absenteeism has increased. Family conflicts have increased and child crime levels are also showing up due to the lack of family discipline and reduced family income levels. The adult crime rate and workplace unrest has roused to beyond normal levels and the local police control is become inadequate during some instances. So the local community elders have decided to establish an alcoholic rehabilitation centers to bring reformation in the lives of the community people. The community elders wanted to cooperate the establishment by giving vacant land and building on lease for a period of 5 years to use them as drug de addiction centers. The community intends to have a paramedical clinic to facilitate the medical interaction to the community. Also the community requests that awareness camps on alcohol consumption risks and the hope for rehabilitation should be promoted more in the community to bring them out of addiction. In this regard, as a health consultant, it is proposed that FQHC should take the initiative and readiness on the community awareness programs. As the local community centers have the inability of establishing the Paramedical clinic for the drug rehabilitation due to the lack of know how and the lack of support staff and the lack of financial supplies. And it is identified that community needs technical and financial cooperation of FQHC to bring the functional program of alcoholic rehabilitation to the community, it is proposed that FQHC should invest initially in establishing the centers, where in it can draw funds gradually. And FQHC should validate the local community centers about their Stand of Capability to carry on the proposed program, conducting the free campaign for the general check up in the rural areas, conducting campaigns regarding the awareness. Through this FQHC can encourage the community initiative to bring the vulnerable drug addicts out of the addiction, by giving them a hope in life. As the local community centers exercise good established connections and rapo with the public, media and facilities they can employ to the best output of the program. The local communities can conduct training and awareness programs and can monitor the medical camps and the clinic and can report the FQHC on the program progress from time to time. Owing to the fact that FQHC, several health programs funded under the Health Center Consolidation Act, we request you to give the opportunity to serve the community by joining hands with you. References: FQHC Frequently Asked Questions, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. raconline. org/info_guides/clinics/fqhcfaq. php#certification DRUG DE-ADDICTION PROGRAMME, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. mohfw. nic. in/kk/95/ia/95ia0j01. htm Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm George Kaplan, Health Status Disparities in the United States, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. wilsoncenter. org/events/docs/Kaplan1. pdf Drug Rehab Programs, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. drug-rehabs. com/ Michael G. Boyle Thomas P. Murphy, Guidelines for Linking Addiction Treatment with Primary Healthcare Developed for the Behavioral Health Recovery Management Project, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. bhrm. org/guidelines/BHRM%20Primary%20Care%20Integration. pdf Drug treatment and rehabilitation services, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://www. spym. org/drugprojects. htm How to Write Memos, Retrieved November 8, 2000, from http://elc. polyu. edu. hk/CiLL/eiw/memos. htm

The Art of Testing pH Levels Essay -- Science, informative, educational

This report will examine a variety of methods that can be used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, also known as its pH level. The scale used to measure acidity and alkalinity is called a pH scale, which measures the amount of H+ ions in a solution. Acids have a pH level below 7; bases have a pH level above 7. Strong acids have the lowest pH levels (0-4) and strong bases have the highest pH levels (10-14). Neutral solutions have a pH of 7 and they are neither acidic nor basic. Distilled water is neutral, because the H+ and OH- ions are balanced. An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions in water. When an acid dissolves in water, hydrogen molecules interact with water molecules to form hydronium ions. The strength of an acid is determined by the concentration of hydrogen atoms; the more hydrogen atoms in a solution, the stronger the acid; and, the less hydrogen atoms in a solution, the weaker the acid. Acids generally have a sour taste, react strongly with metals, and become less acidic when mixed with a base. A base is a substance that forms hydro...

The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 20

Ella â€Å"So is this what you used to do all the time?† Lila relaxes back in the lawn chair. â€Å"Just sit around and watch them work on cars all day? God, that must have been nice.† I slurp on my Icee, my eyes fastened on Micha and Ethan working on the car on the opposite side of the garage. They're trying to work too fast and it's making me nervous. â€Å"No, I used to work on the cars with them.† She dumps a bag of M&M's into her hand. â€Å"Do you want to go help them right now?† â€Å"I can hang out here with you,† I say and stick out my hand. â€Å"Besides, I'm kind of enjoying myself.† She dumps some candy into my hand and I pour the chocolate into my mouth. â€Å"I know you are.† She sets the candy on the floor and picks up her soda. â€Å"You're practically glowing.† I rest my face in my hand to hide the alleged glowing. â€Å"This makes me nervous.† â€Å"What does?† â€Å"Racing when the car's not running good.† Lila pulls her hair out of the ponytail and tousles it with her fingers. â€Å"Why? Can something go wrong?† â€Å"With racing, anything can go wrong,† I say, mad at myself for getting Micha into this mess. Micha I kick a tool box out of the way and step up onto the bumper, staring down at the engine. â€Å"So what do you think?† Ethan wipes his hands on a rag as he shakes his head. â€Å"I have no clue if this quick fix is going to hold up or not and we don't have time to check the tie rods. If you got hit hard enough, they're probably bent and your whole steering is going to be fucked up.† â€Å"I guess we'll find out when we get it going.† I glance over at Ella and Lila, laughing in the corner of the garage. â€Å"You're not going to take her with you when you race, are you?† Ethan rounds the back of the car and starts checking the tire pressure. â€Å"Not with the car running like it is.† â€Å"And what if she gives you a hard time.† â€Å"She won't.† I check the oil. â€Å"At least I think she won't.† Ethan wipes his hands on his jeans. â€Å"I think that all depends on which Ella you're dealing with. The nice, polite one or the one who got you into this mess.† I look over at Ella again as she bends over to get a soda from the cooler behind the chairs. Her short shorts ride up and the bottom of her ass peeks out. After getting a drink, she drops back in her chair and opens it up, laughing at something Lila said. I adjust myself and slam the hood of the car down. â€Å"I think she might be a little of both.† *** â€Å"Why are there so many more people tonight?† Lila asks from the backseat, gaping at the cars parked up and down the road. â€Å"It wasn't this bad the last time we were here.† The girl is scared shitless and I kind of feel bad for her. â€Å"Mikey likes to draw a crowd.† â€Å"To watch him lose?† she asks, prodding Ella with her elbow. â€Å"Maybe,† I say with a heavy sigh, psyching myself out as I climb out of the car. The three of them follow me out and Ella takes my hand as we hike through the crowd where Mikey's talking smack to some skater dude who drives a Honda in the middle of the crowd, showing off for everyone. There's a bonfire burning over near The Hitch and people sitting on tailgates, drinking beers, waiting for the race to start. I push my way through the crowd, keeping a hold of Ella's hand. When we step out into the open, everyone looks at us and gossip starts flowing. Mikey stops talking and claps his hands loudly. â€Å"Holy crap, I didn't think you'd actually show up.† â€Å"Do I ever not show up?† I say. â€Å"You're the one that backed out the last time we tried to race.† He spits on the ground and crosses his arms. â€Å"So which one of you's racing? The little one with the big mouth that got you into this mess? Or are you gonna race me yourself?† Ella starts to move forward. â€Å"I'm – â€Å" â€Å"I am.† I squeeze her hand, pulling her behind me. â€Å"Micha,† she hisses. â€Å"This is my thing. I can handle it.† I shake my head, not looking at her. â€Å"Let's line up and get this over with.† Mikey grins, rubbing his hands together. â€Å"What? You eager to get your ass kicked?† â€Å"No, I'm eager for you shut up.† With that I turn away and head back to the car with Ella in tow. â€Å"Micha Scott,† she says, tugging on my arm and planting her feet in the dirt, trying to get me to stop walking. Ethan and Lila are a ways back and Ethan's trying to explain to Lila the rules of racing. I keep walking forward, dragging her along with me, refusing to let her have her way this time – not with this. â€Å"Stop being all noble and just let me drive,† she says hotly. â€Å"It's much better for me to lose to him then for you to. He'll bug you about it for the rest of your life.† I stop just in front of the car and turn to her and brush the pad of my thumb across her cheek. â€Å"Hey, who said anything about losing?† She gathers some strands of hair out of her face and stares at the front end of the car. The glow of the fire highlights the worry in her eyes. â€Å"I know Ethan and you didn't get everything fixed. You were working too fast and I'm sure you didn't do that great of a job.† â€Å"The car's fine,† I assure her. â€Å"But you need to sit this one out.† â€Å"No way,† she argues, folding her arms over her chest defiantly. â€Å"I'm going to at least sit in the passenger seat and ride with you. â€Å" I shake my head. â€Å"Not this time, pretty girl.† She starts to fume, so I lean in and kiss her right in front of everyone, cupping the back of her head and grabbing her ass, letting people know she's mine. Her body trembles as she kisses me back, even when someone whistles. When I pull away, she has this glazed look in her eyes. â€Å"Now take Lila and go sit over by the finish line.† She opens her mouth, then seals her lips shut and nods. Ethan and her trade places and she walks off with Lila over toward the line. Once they're out of sight, Ethan says, â€Å"You sure you want to do this?† I nod, my gaze tracking the line of the road and the trees next to it. â€Å"You sure you want to do this?† â€Å"Absolutely,† he says. â€Å"I have nothing better to do.† We bump fists and climb into the car. I rev up the engine a few times, then inch it forward across the dirt and through the crowd toward the lineup area in front of The Hitch. â€Å"How's the steering?† he asks rolling down the window, and letting the night air flow in. I veer it from side to side, testing it. â€Å"It's shaky.† â€Å"Left or right?† â€Å"To the right.† â€Å"Make sure you do your turnaround to the left then.† I nod as we roll up to the lineup and Mikey's already waiting for us. Ella and Lila are just off to the side, near the trees, sitting on the tailgate of someone's truck. She has her eyes glued to us as Lila talks to her, swinging her legs. I thrum my fingers on the top of the steering wheel, eyeing the end of the road. â€Å"Quit psyching yourself out,† Ethan says and snatches up the iPod. â€Å"I think it's time for a little tunes.† He scrolls through the music and â€Å"The Distance† by Cake flips on. He cranks it up so the base is bumping and we start nodding our heads. When it hits the chorus we start singing and Ethan taps his fingers on the dash, like he's playing the drums. The more the song goes on, the more we get into it. I catch Ella laughing and shaking her head at us, because she knows this is Ethan and mines thing, but usually she's in the car with us. â€Å"Hey, are we going to race?† Mikey shouts, slipping out his window and looking at us from over the roof with his hands in the air. â€Å"Or are we going to sit around and listen to music?† I floor the pedal so loud the sound rumbles through the night and his eyes widen slightly. He gets back into his car and throttles his own pedal. It's half as loud and Ethan and I laugh at him. â€Å"Dude, quit wasting time and get your girl over here to start us off,† he calls out over the music. I turn it down a notch. â€Å"Get Chandra to do it.† â€Å"No man, you know the rules,† he says with a smirk. â€Å"The girlfriend of the one being challenged has to start off the race.† I roll my eyes, knowing Ella's not going to like this, the old or the new version. I slide out of the window, cup my hands around my mouth, and shout over the roof at her. â€Å"Ella May, get your beautiful ass over here.† Lila has her distracted and she jumps. Her eyebrows furrow as I wave her over. She holds up a finger to Lila and hops of the hood, looking at me perplexedly as she makes her way through the crowd and over to me. I sit back in the car as she reaches the window and she lowers her head down, looking into the cab. â€Å"You have to start us off,† I tell her and she instantly makes a face. â€Å"It's the rules. You know that.† â€Å"Those rules are sexist,† she says. â€Å"Let Mikey's slutty girlfriend do it.† â€Å"You know he's not going to let that happen.† â€Å"I could make him let it happen.† I press my lips together as her spitfire personality burns through all her fake politeness. â€Å"Can you just do it for me?† She rolls her eyes, then leans in and kisses my cheek. â€Å"But only for you.† Then she backs out of the car, with an exaggerated sway of her hips, making fun of the ordeal, but still looking hot as hell in her little shorts. Ethan and I bust up laughing as she turns around with a big embellished grin on her face. â€Å"Well, at least she's entertaining,† he says, patting the side of the door with his hand to the beat of the music. I pump the gas a few times, my gaze attached to hers as she elevates her hands above her head. She looks at me as she counts down. When her arms drop, the tires squeal as we peel out. Ella I walk back through the cloud of dirt and hop on the tailgate with Lila. I spot Grantford through the crowd and when he sees me, he hurries away, ducking into the crowd, knowing Micha's around. Lila swings her legs, taking in the surroundings. â€Å"What was that about?† â€Å"Rules,† I sigh, leaning forward so I can get a better view of the road. It's hard to tell because it's dark, but it looks like Micha is winning. I start to grow restless the farther away the taillights get and I jump off the tailgate and pace the dirt. â€Å"You're nervous,† Lila observes. â€Å"And you're making me nervous.† I bite on my fingernails, unable to settle down. â€Å"I don't know what my problem is. Usually, I'm not this jumpy.† But I think deep down, I know exactly what my problem is. My feelings for Micha have been freed and now they consume me, own me, bind me to him. The crowd starts moving, nearly trampling me as they stare down the road, waiting for the turnaround. I hear the scared tones in their voices first before the crash. It's like a train wreck, metal crushing and snapping apart. Lila's eyes snap wide. â€Å"What the hell was that?† I spin around and shove my way to the front of the crowd. There are a few cars on the side backing up onto the road. â€Å"Shit,† someone says. â€Å"I think one of them wrecked.† I feel my heart crumble as I take off down the road. â€Å"Ella!† Lila shouts. â€Å"Where are you going?† I keep running, stumbling through the dark, searching for their lights. My flip flops fall off somewhere, but I keep going, needing to know. Cars are pulling out behind me and headlights shine at my back. Seconds later, Mikey's car zooms by and he shouts something foul at me. Halfway down the road, the air turns to dirt and the sound of â€Å"The Distance† by Cake floods the air, only it's stuck and keeps saying the same line over and over again. Spotting the outline of the car, I slow down. Suddenly, I'm back to the night my mom died. The Chevelle is smashed against the trunk of a large tree, the windshield smashed to pieces, and two of the tires are blown out. Somehow it must have flipped around and the driver's side took most of the impact. I know whatever's inside the car is bad, just like when I opened the bathroom door the night I found my mom and I won't be able to do anything about it. I almost turn away and run, not wanting to see it, but the passenger side door swings open and Ethan stumbles out, clutching at his upper arm. There's a path of blood dripping down his arm and his cheek is scraped. I snap out of my own thoughts and rush to him. â€Å"Are you okay?† â€Å"Ella, go get some help.† He coughs, nearly buckling to his knees. â€Å"No.† My voice comes out sharp and high-pitched and vomit burns at the back of my throat. I gently push him aside and climb into the car, which is filled with dirt and the air is muggy. â€Å"Micha.† I cover my mouth and shake my head. His head is flopped back against the headrest and turned away from me and his arms are slack to the side. Branches are poking in through the window and it looks like one of them might be lodged into his shoulder. His head turns toward me and his eyes widen. â€Å"Fuck. Ethan, get her out of here.† Ethan reaches in to pull me back, but I climb onto the console, taking in the long, thin stick stabbed in his shoulder. I can't breathe. I can't lose him. I can't do this again. â€Å"Ella May, look at me.† His voice is hoarse as he locks eyes with me. â€Å"I'm okay, now back out of the car so Ethan can get me out of here.† My eyes scan his body, looking for any more wounds that could be hiding from me. â€Å"It's just the branch? That's the only place you're hurt?† He nods lethargically. â€Å"A few stitches and I'm as good as new.† Kissing his forehead, I take a deep breath, hating to leave him as I back out of the car. Ethan's walking up the road toward me with Benny at his side. He's still clutching his arm and there's a little bit of a limp to his walk. â€Å"Someone's got to have two good arms to pull it out,† he says to Benny and I see him glance at me with concern in his eyes. Benny nods and hops into the car, while Ethan and I wait impatiently on the outside. Cars start to pull up, headlights lighting up the accident as people rubberneck. One of the cars is a Camaro and Mikey stands in front of it, laughing with his girlfriend at his side. â€Å"Fucking asshole swerved at us,† Ethan tells me as he glares at Mikey. Rage engulfs me and this time I let it take me over. I march up to him and shove him hard so he stumbles back into the front end of his car. â€Å"You think this is funny?† I shout. â€Å"They crash into a tree because of you and you keep driving. What the hell's wrong with you?† His eyes darken and he steps toward me. â€Å"I won and that's all that matters.† Shaking my head, I lift up my leg and knee him in the balls, hard. He groans, his face reddening as he hunches over and his girlfriend runs to his side to coddle him. I start to leave when he straightens back up. Cradling his injured guy parts, he charges, ready to hit me. Ethan blocks him and shoves him back with his good arm. â€Å"If you touch her, I'll slam my good fist into your face.† This is not the first time he's had to say that to someone on my behalf. Mikey backs down from the fight, muttering something about it not being worth it as Benny helps Micha out of the car. The branch is out of his shoulder. Left in its place is a hole, which is bleeding down his arm and shirt, but he's alive and breathing and that's all that matters. We get him into the front seat of Benny's GTO and then Ethan and Lila get in the back. Micha has me sit on his lap, and he nuzzles his head into my chest. I hold onto him tightly as we speed off into the night.